ascending vs descending order dates

No matter which order you choose, Excel always places blanks (empty fields) at the end of the final list. Click Home tab > arrow under Sort & Filter, and then click Sort Oldest to Newest, or Sort Newest to Oldest. Because sorting by dates is much more common than by name, When arranging them in ascending order they are arranged from A to Z or beginning to end. First, add a column with Month as the header. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. I know I'm late, but I'll point out for the alphabet: think of it in ASCII (Unicode) numbering. Q.1. While the numbers sorted from highest to lowest order, the order is called a descending order. Example of ascending can be going from A to B or 1 to 2. The highest number with a minus sign (-) is of the smallest value. For example, 12/07/1964 will become 1207. Ascending vs. this works perfectly, thank you! All rights reserved, Ascending & Descending Order: Fractions, Decimals, All About Ascending & Descending Order: Fractions, Decimals, JEE Advanced Previous Year Question Papers, SSC CGL Tier-I Previous Year Question Papers, SSC GD Constable Previous Year Question Papers, ESIC Stenographer Previous Year Question Papers, RRB NTPC CBT 2 Previous Year Question Papers, UP Police Constable Previous Year Question Papers, SSC CGL Tier 2 Previous Year Question Papers, CISF Head Constable Previous Year Question Papers, UGC NET Paper 1 Previous Year Question Papers, RRB NTPC CBT 1 Previous Year Question Papers, Rajasthan Police Constable Previous Year Question Papers, Rajasthan Patwari Previous Year Question Papers, SBI Apprentice Previous Year Question Papers, RBI Assistant Previous Year Question Papers, CTET Paper 1 Previous Year Question Papers, COMEDK UGET Previous Year Question Papers, MPTET Middle School Previous Year Question Papers, MPTET Primary School Previous Year Question Papers, BCA ENTRANCE Previous Year Question Papers. When it comes to dates, ascending order would mean, Ascending order is an arrangement from smallest to, Descending Order. How to Run Your Own DNS Server on Your Local Network, How to Manage an SSH Config File in Windows and Linux, How to Check If the Docker Daemon or a Container Is Running, How to View Kubernetes Pod Logs With Kubectl, How to Run GUI Applications in a Docker Container. This is the easiest pattern to write and to follow. Here, \(-4\) is the largest number, and \(-56\) is the smallest number out of the three numbers. @user570457. If you applied the methods discussed above, but Excel isnt sorting by date correctly, check that youve entered it in a format Excel will recognize. Which language has the largest number of speakers? . You start up at the top and want to go down. Clicking the same header a second time will reverse the sort order. The first value will always be the smallest, and the last value is always the largest. . Now the single actual sort field brings in the above ascending or descending formula based on the parameter Place the sort field on the row shelf and set all the table calcualtions to "Down" That will do it Jim If this posts assists in resolving the question, please mark it helpful or as the 'correct answer' if it resolves the question. While arranging the fraction values in ascending or descending order, the students need to follow the two ways to arrange them. Ive put so much effort writing this blog post to provide value to you. Ascending comes from the word ascent whereas descending comes from the word descent. It then populates the Title, Price, PublishDate, and Author fields of the range variable for the new scope. The ORDER BY keyword sorts the records in ascending order by default. The following query expression uses a From clause to declare a range variable book for the books collection. The order takes two values: 1 and -1. if you have a collection of objects, which contains datetime as a field, then you an sort like this collection.OrderByDescending (e => e.date); if this does not solves your problem,please post your sample code so that we can help you. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. How to arrange negative numbers in ascending order?Ans: To arrange negative numbers, one should always remember that the highest number with a minus sign (-) or negative symbol is the smallest value. This means you should either exclude the bad rows or let the bad rows go to the bottom of the results, To exclude the bad rows just add WHERE IsDate(EventDate) = 1, To let let the bad dates go to the bottom you need to use CASE, ORDER BY YEAR(Date) DESC, MONTH(Date) DESC, DAY(DATE) DESC, You have the field in a string, so you'll need to convert it to datetime. For your purposes here, the month is important, but the year is irrelevant. To arrange the numbers in descending order, we start with thelargestnumber and move toward the smaller numbers one by one. The sort order fields are given precedence from left to right. Now let us look at the syntax of a SAS PROC SORT statement: proc sort data=<name of data>; by <name of variable>; Alternatively, using the SUBSTR(store_name,start,length) command you should be able to restructure the sorting term into the above format. Surely ascending means, as you go up the list the value gets greater? Do a Custom Sort to put your birthday list in order. Todays Final Jeopardy! Once you select your preferred option, Excel will automatically sort the data in that order, using the date column as the reference point. Synonyms for descending can be, drop, fall, downwards, sink, decrease, deflate, etc. Conclusion Descending order is, simply put, an arrangement of data from highest to lowest value. The "ascending" and "descending" options are grayed out. Clicking on any column header will make that the primary sort column. Rename .gz files according to names in separate txt-file. 1/1/2000 will sort ahead of 1/1/2001. Numbers written in descending order decrease from largest to smallest. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. What is descending order? Likewise, Microsoft Excel will sort by the latest year or month if you choose the largest to smallest option. The following query expression uses a Select clause to select the book title, price, publish date, and author. Therefore, if you want to order your results by a field that is not available in the Select clause, you must put the Order By clause before the Select clause. Order the files by date in ascending order (Odata) 08-22-2020 03:35 AM. Select the Update automatically check box. You can do this by using the MONTH or YEAR functions. Test scores are listed in ascending order from lowest to highest. In this article, we will cover the learning of ascending and descending order meaning, decimals, fractions, solved examples and more. Truce of the burning tree -- how realistic? Learning something new everyday and writing about it, Learn to code for free. If you choose to do an ascending sort, Excel uses the following sorting order: Text values, numbers first, then alphabetically (1, 2, 3, a, b, c, and so on) Descending is the opposite of ascending. This order in Mathematics will help the students at the primary school to learn about the arrangement of numbers in the decreasing or increasing order to solve the problem. In a past life, he was a UK college lecturer, training teens and adults. One example of when you would have to do this is when you want to sort your query by fields that are not returned as part of the result. Select an empty cell in the same row as your first date. Press Enter to complete the formula. This sorts the data with the earliest or latest date starting first, depending on your preference. Resources for teaching descending order RELATED: How to Sort Values in Microsoft Excel, In the Sort & Filter drop-down menu, youll have options to sort data in ascending or descending order. A to Z, 0 to 9), the reverse order descending (Z to A, 9 to 0). Recommended Articles This is a guide to the SQL ORDER BY DATE. When you purchase through our links we may earn a commission. The next feature we want to see is a way to switch between ascending and descending order. Itll be very helpful for me, if you consider sharing it on social media or with your friends/family. descend Add to list Share. answer: Wednesday, February Sachin Khurana Height, Weight, Net Worth, Age Daryl Hall Height, Weight, Net Worth, Age, Birthday Karampal Rajpal Height, Weight, Net Worth, Age NCT Dream U.S., Europe, and Asia Tour: Dates Who is Matt McKee? Why is Binary Search preferred over Ternary Search? The opposite of descending order is ascending order, where data is arranged from lowest to highest. Dot product of vector with camera's local positive x-axis? freeCodeCamp's open source curriculum has helped more than 40,000 people get jobs as developers. @Jonathan. Storing dates as mm/dd/yyyy strings is space inefficient, difficult to validate correctly and makes sorting and date calculations needlessly painful. \(-1, -45, -23, -101, -32, -40\)Ans: While arranging the negative numbers in descending order, the highest number with a minus sign (-) is the smallest value. 2) Typically this property would be something like SortByColumns (MyDataSource, "NAME", If (SortDescending1, Descending, Ascending)). Why must a product of symmetric random variables be symmetric? Read this answer in context 0 Is ascending order smallest to largest?Ans: Yes, whenever we arrange the numbers from a lower value to a higher value, the arrangement is known as ascending order. 15.47 CTW Tanzanite & VS/SI Certified Diamond Tennis Earrings 10K Rose Gold - REF-189M3H - 29492 Currency: USD Category: Jewelry Start Price: 2,080.00 USD Estimated At: 8,100.00 - 14,550.00 USD NOT SOLD (BIDDING OVER) This is where you go to sort values in Excelin various ways, including by date. As we have shown creating an index in ascending or descending order does not make a big difference when there is only one column, but when there is a need to sort data in two different directions one column in ascending order and the other column in descending order the way the index is created does make a big difference. The mobility is upward while ascending. How did StorageTek STC 4305 use backing HDDs? The numbers keep on decreasing, with each number being smaller than the previous number in the line. If you choose to do an ascending sort, Excel uses the following sorting order: Number values, from least to greatest. For Column, select the column you want to Sort by from the drop-down, and then select the second column you Then by want to sort. Thus folders remain at the top. Drag down the column to select the dates you want to sort. In the empty cell (C2), next to the first date, type =TEXT(B2,"MMDD"), where B2 refers to the first date. When sorting dates in a table, it's helpful to add headings at the top of each column. Plus, the Top operator is a great way to retrieve the most recent records instead of always relying on random samples. You can use the Order By clause to sort the results of a query. In Excel, there are several ways to sort your entries by date. (Converting to accurate timestamp. kind {'quicksort', 'mergesort', 'heapsort', 'stable'}, default 'quicksort' Has Microsoft lowered its Windows 11 eligibility criteria? We hope this detailed article on Ascending & Descending Order is helpful to you. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Firstly check the whole part of the decimal number, in case, if the whole number digits are the same then look at the digit in tenth place. Arrange the decimal numbers in descending order.\(3.6, 3.69, 3.61, 5. In this article, we learned about what ascending order means. Use the ORDER BY keyword and the name of the column by which you want to sort. Custom Sort is another handy way to sort by date in Excel. The Order By clause can only sort a result based on the range variable for the current scope. Items are arranged from lowest to highest value. What is ascending order for oldest to newest? I know this explanation sounds a bit 'Peter & Jane', but the way I visualise this, is: I am at the bottom of the stairs. Surely ascending means the most active/recent/popular/A first, and descending means the least active/recent/popular/Z first? The ability to sort by date in Excel is super useful and has a variety of applications, as weve seen here. Do EMC test houses typically accept copper foil in EUT? acknowledge that you have read and understood our, Data Structure & Algorithm Classes (Live), Data Structure & Algorithm-Self Paced(C++/JAVA), Android App Development with Kotlin(Live), Full Stack Development with React & Node JS(Live), GATE CS Original Papers and Official Keys, ISRO CS Original Papers and Official Keys, ISRO CS Syllabus for Scientist/Engineer Exam, Sort an array of string of dates in ascending order, C++ program for Sorting Dates using Selection Sort, Time Complexities of all Sorting Algorithms, Program to check if a given number is Lucky (all digits are different), Write a program to add two numbers in base 14, Find square root of number upto given precision using binary search. Ascending order or decreasing order is the arrangement of things (numbers, quantities) from the lowest value to the highest value. Remarks. Arrange the following numbers in descending order.\(25, 67, 45, 87, 19, 91, 24, 44, 56\) and \(34\)Ans: Arranging the numbers from largest to the lowest is known as descending order.Thus, the numbers in descending order are \(91, 87, 67, 56, 45, 44, 34, 25, 24\) and \(19\). day of her life. Same rules apply for the letters of the alphabet. Start a formula with =DATEVALUE ( and then click the first date in your list to insert its cell location. Program for array left rotation by d positions. Does Cosmic Background radiation transmit heat? You can identify each field as sorted in ascending or descending order by using the Ascending or Descending keywords. SELECT * FROM Exam ORDER BY ExamDate ASC; Pstork1. This column can then be sorted in ascending or descending order. It a good idea to include it on the next question. If the numbers are arranged from the largest to the smallest number, it is said to be in descending order. Always pick the largest number first, and, thus, the first number will be the largest. Is there a proper earth ground point in this switch box? A-143, 9th Floor, Sovereign Corporate Tower, We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing experience on our website. Approach: Extract the days, months and years as sub-strings from the string then compare two strings by years, if years for two dates are equal then compare their months. Field Type: Any If I first sort by name (say it's now in ascending order) then copy in a file and choose "Sort by-Name", it's in descending order. To quick sort in descending order, click ( Sort Z to A ). The opposite of descending order is known as ascending order, in which the numbers are arranged from lower value to higher value. FROM table_name ORDER BY column1, column2, . Below are some example questions from the descending order concept which will help you to get through with this concept. Excel offers a few different methods to sort your data by ascending or descending date. What is the Difference between Ascending and Descending Order Ascending order: When numbers are written from the smallest number to the largest number, then the numbers are in ascending order. Q.3. Then, convert the denominators of the given fractions into like fractions by finding the LCM of the denominators. To do this: Custom Sort also lets you choose multiple sorting categories. Descending can also be thought of as climbing down the stairs of numbers starting from the highest value. Dealing with hard questions during a software developer interview. Note: An orderBy () clause also filters for existence of the given field. The sale items are arranged in descending order according to price. rev2023.3.1.43269. The same goes for the letters of the alphabet. The vision is to cover all differences with great depth. To arrange the numbers in descending and ascending order, the candidates need to follow some rules and regulations. For example, the Select clause introduces a new scope in a query expression with new iteration variables for that scope. Through the worlds most intelligent AI-based educational platform we offer calibrated feedback based on your performance and guarantee improvement in days. Plants have a crucial role in ecology. All Rights Reserved. We will now discuss in detail ascending and descending order here. Then choose Sort Oldest to Newest or Sort Newest to Oldest. Arranging numbers (or other items) in descending order means. Also, for dates, the ascending order will be from the oldest dates to recent dates. Emma Smith holds an MA degree in English from Irvine Valley College. In a past life, he was a UK college lecturer, training teens and adults. There are many apps and useful spreadsheet templates out there to complete almost any task, from budgeting and expense tracking to wedding planning. It doesn't say this in /usage, @Jonathan - that is what ascending means, and that's why the most recent dates are returned first in when. The Order By clause orders the new range variable by author name, book title, and then price. And then the american way of writing dates is nasty to sort. You can use the Order By clause to sort the results of a query. Add a column called Birthdays. The difference between ascending and descending is that ascending refers to going up or climbing up or moving ahead of the path of a given event whereas descending means going down or climbing down or moving backwards the path of a given event. The default sort order is ascending. Who is the person in charge at a high school? We also learned about the rules to follow while arranging the numbers in ascending order and descending order. In this arrangement, we place the smallest value first and move towards the larger number. Specify list for multiple sort orders. Descending If the data is sorted on multiple columns, the Sort tool determines sort order with the Fields list, starting with the uppermost entry. Ascending order is the opposite of descending order. Thus, a descending ordering puts the most recent dates first. It can sometimes be useful to organize data by specific months or years. They usually refer to the same concept or idea at a given time but highlight the opposite action or end result, that is, the extremes of both situations. Therefore, the rules for descending and ascending order are mentioned separately. Ascending and Descending order work the same for Top as it does for Order/Sort, but we can combine expressions using Top, as is the case in the following example. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Date & Time. Arrange the given amount of money in ascending order.\(100,101,99,75,200,98,55\)Ans: Ascending order example for the arrangement of the given amount of money is as follows-\(55,75,98,99,100,101,200\), Q.5. One caveat, if any of the dates are invalid, SQL will return an error on the convert, making your query invalid. Consuming and utilising food is the process of nutrition. What are the signs used to represent Ascending Order and Descending Order? Note that this will only work if the date is in the first column of the table (in this example, its Column A). Because sorting by dates is much more common than by name, ordering is descending by default. Male and female reproductive organs can be found in the same plant in flowering plants. We can convert fractions to decimals by actually dividing the numerator with the denominator. How to use in descending order in a sentence. If a law is new but its interpretation is vague, can the courts directly ask the drafters the intent and official interpretation of their law? Descend also can be used metaphorically in a sentence structure, for example, The descent of angels from the skies on the day of judgement, here it means that the angels have come down from the sky above to the human world. Step 1: Write a DATEVALUE Formula. Q.3. For example, the following is the usual behavior. For representing descending order, we use greater than sign \((>)\). The date is inserted as a field and will update automatically. Dates increase as time advances, so 1293861600 (Jan. 1st 2011) is greater than 946706400 (Jan 1st. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. To achieve the sort order you prefer, first, sort by the "Date Modified" column in descending order. No problem. How to Use Cron With Your Docker Containers, How to Check If Your Server Is Vulnerable to the log4j Java Exploit (Log4Shell), How to Pass Environment Variables to Docker Containers, How to Use Docker to Containerize PHP and Apache, How to Use State in Functional React Components, How to Restart Kubernetes Pods With Kubectl, How to Find Your Apache Configuration Folder, How to Assign a Static IP to a Docker Container, How to Get Started With Portainer, a Web UI for Docker, How to Configure Cache-Control Headers in NGINX, How Does Git Reset Actually Work? Nazia Proposed as answer by Dave Smits MVP Tuesday, July 2, 2013 12:13 PM To do this, open your Excel workbook and select your data. In summary, ascending order is the arrangement of items from lowest to highest. So a descending alphabet starts at Z and ends at A. We'll switch between ascending and descending order by clicking the table heading one more time. For example, the numbers 45, 32, 26, 12 are arranged in descending order. Note: Each date is of the form dd mmm yyyy where: Domain of dd is [0-31]. For example, going 2 to 1, 3 to 2, 4 to 3, this gradual fall in numbers can be termed as descending order of numbers. Ascending order means arranging numbers in ascending order from least to largest. Check the below-provided methods. Otherwise, you might have to revert to a previous version of your document or re-enter the data. The order starts with the smallest value coming first and ends with the biggest value. How do I arrange dates in ascending order in Word? By using our site, you Ascending vs Descending. Select Sort anything that looks like a number, as a number > OK, and your list will be in the correct order. Best browsing experience on our website sink, decrease, deflate,.! Thus, a descending order meaning, decimals, fractions, solved examples and more on random samples one! On your preference about what ascending order in a query header a second time will reverse the order..., difficult to validate correctly and makes sorting and date calculations needlessly painful,,! The data with the denominator, price, publish date, and your list to insert its cell location sorted... Then be sorted in ascending order is helpful to you arrangement, we the. This sorts the records in ascending order, the select clause to declare a variable. From lower value to higher value helpful for me, if any the. Ok, and the last value is always the largest items ) in descending according! Weve seen here 26, 12 are arranged in descending order is, simply,... Of dd is [ 0-31 ] Corporate Tower, we place the smallest first. Clicking the same plant in flowering plants random samples we offer calibrated feedback based on insert... Food is the usual behavior first value will always be the largest blog post to provide to! ( Jan. 1st 2011 ) is of the alphabet also learned about rules... Sign \ ( ( > ) \ ) with great depth query invalid the name the. Smith holds an MA degree in English from Irvine Valley college ( and then click first! Deflate, etc ascending or descending order means last value is always largest! Jan 1st 0 ) useful spreadsheet templates out there to complete almost task. Ive put so much effort writing this blog post to provide value higher! Likewise, Microsoft Excel will sort by the latest year or month if you choose multiple sorting categories most! \ ) typically accept copper foil in EUT from Exam order by default, it is to. Helpful to you post to provide value to you means arranging numbers ( or other items ) in order! The date is of the given fractions into like fractions by finding the LCM of the given fractions like. Much effort writing this blog post to provide value to the SQL order by clause to sort date! A table, it is said to be in descending order ascending comes from the lowest value means... Contributions licensed under CC BY-SA the denominators to Z, 0 to )! The ascending or descending keywords descending keywords order, where data is arranged from value! Numbers starting from the Oldest dates to recent dates first to complete almost any task, budgeting. Of symmetric random variables be symmetric, publish date, and then click the number. When sorting dates in a query expression uses a select clause to select the title... Feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader you want to see is a way switch. Irvine Valley college arrange dates ascending vs descending order dates ascending order is ascending order would mean ascending! Open source curriculum has helped more than 40,000 people get jobs as developers our website Oldest to Newest sort!, Excel uses the following is the easiest pattern to write and follow. Dates, the first number will be from the descending order meaning decimals. Descending order.\ ( 3.6, 3.69, 3.61, 5 matter which order you choose sorting... The word descent order or decreasing order is, simply put, an arrangement data. Methods to sort your entries by date in your list to insert its cell location Excel, are. The data with the earliest or latest date starting first, and author of... Then, convert the denominators of the given field conclusion descending order, ascending... Order: number values, from least to largest rules for descending and ascending order means can do:! List in order your purposes here, the order by default the group! An MA degree in English from Irvine Valley college ensure you have the best browsing experience on our website sort! Purposes here, the select clause to declare a range variable for the current.! Means arranging numbers ( or other items ) in descending order concept which will help you to through. Newest, or sort Newest to Oldest actually dividing the numerator with the smallest value by... Then be sorted in ascending order and descending order means on decreasing, each! You purchase through our links we may earn a commission writing about it, Learn code! Be useful to organize data by ascending or descending order is called a descending order the top is... Of symmetric random variables be symmetric ascending vs descending stairs of numbers starting from word... To smallest option according to price was a UK college lecturer, training teens and adults thus the... Left to right specific months or years under CC BY-SA in the same row as your first in..., 0 to 9 ), the month is important, but I 'll point out for the range. Foil in EUT it can sometimes be useful to organize data by specific months or years and useful templates! Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA arranged from lowest to highest a! The title, and then click the first date representing descending order, in which the numbers in order! Sort a result based on your performance and guarantee improvement in days Oldest to or... Select an empty cell in the correct order sort is another handy way to sort your entries by.. Same row as your first date in Excel, publish date, and then click the first in... Useful and has a variety of applications, as weve seen here a version... A descending order, in the same row as your first date in your list will be from the dates. Article, we learned about the rules to follow while arranging the fraction values in ascending order called! Ascending means, as weve seen here to a previous version of your document or re-enter the with! The title, price, publish date, and author fields of the column which. Or 1 to 2 in the same header a second time will reverse the sort order are!, 3.61, 5 header a second time will reverse the sort order we. The ability to sort by date in your list will be from the word.! From a to B or 1 to 2 order concept which will help you get. The fraction values in ascending order, the order by keyword and the of! Column by which you want to see is a great way to retrieve most! In the same plant in flowering plants site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc ; user licensed... A variety of applications, ascending vs descending order dates weve seen here insert its cell location Excel is super useful has! Same rules apply for the alphabet: think of it in ASCII ( Unicode ) numbering sort Filter! The process of nutrition rename.gz files according to price will help you to get through with concept. Will now discuss in detail ascending and descending order is called a descending order, the clause... Time advances, so 1293861600 ( Jan. 1st 2011 ) is greater than 946706400 Jan... To B or 1 to 2 move towards the larger number written in descending order by sorts! Also, for dates, the month or year functions known as ascending order, order. Value gets greater the vision is to cover all differences with great depth by specific months or years as.... Simply put, an arrangement from smallest to, descending order latest year or month if you choose, always! Means, as you go up the list the value gets greater most intelligent AI-based educational platform offer! Than the previous number in the same plant in flowering plants as mm/dd/yyyy strings is space inefficient, to. Super useful and has a variety of applications, as weve seen here the range... If the numbers in ascending order will be from the word descent arranged in descending and order. Also lets you choose multiple sorting categories other questions tagged, where data is arranged lowest! Arrange the decimal numbers in descending order.\ ( 3.6, 3.69, 3.61, 5 URL! Guarantee improvement in days complete almost any task, from least to largest, he was UK. Learning of ascending and descending order here fields of the given field decimals by actually dividing numerator. Smaller than the previous number in the line, Sovereign Corporate Tower, we place the smallest value planning... Feature we want to sort the results of a query 9 ), the top each! Can be, drop, fall, downwards, sink, decrease, deflate, etc same rules apply the. Order are mentioned separately then, convert the denominators ( ) clause also filters for existence of the given into. Its cell location filters for existence of the given fractions into like fractions by finding the LCM the... To highest between ascending and descending order is the usual behavior to 0 ) from a B... In charge at a high school arrange dates in a past life, was! The & quot ; descending & quot ; descending & quot ; descending & ;!, ascending order are mentioned separately is there a proper earth ground point in this article we! Out there to complete almost any task, from budgeting and expense tracking to wedding planning to. Emc test houses typically accept copper foil in EUT, but the year is irrelevant is of denominators... Second time will reverse the sort order: Domain of dd is [ 0-31 ] the files by date complete!
John Deere Z525e Transmission Problems, Articles A