Prof A.Karunanandan, Secretary of DHRC spoke on Social Justice achievements of Justice Party. 0000009084 00000 n The Justice Party, officially the South Indian Liberal Federation, was a political party in the Madras Presidency of British India.It was established on 20 November 1916 in Victoria Public Hall in Madras by Dr C. Natesa Mudaliar and co-founded by T. M. Nair, P. Theagaraya Chetty and Alamelu Mangai Thayarammal as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in the presidency. 19 44 <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 13 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 595.44 841.68] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Depressed Classes Mission, Non-Brahmin movement and Justice Party. In my judgment I have mentioned Thanthai Periyar and his contributions in ensuring Social Justice to the oppressed people. One, of the earliest lower caste movements, which became the torch bearer for the future caste movements, was founded in Maharashtra in the 1870s by Jyotibha Phule, who with his books Gulamgiri (1872) and Sarvajanik Satyadharma Pustak and his organisation Satya Shodhak Samaj, proclaimed the need "to save the lower castes . . The Non-Brahmin Manifesto was issued by a) C.Natesan b) Pitty Theyagarayar c) T.M.Nair d)Raja of Panagal. Depressed Classes Mission, Non-Brahmin movement and Justice Party . To quote one of the latest instances, of the 15 gentlemen elected from this presidency to represent it on the All India Congress Committee, with the exception of one solitary non-Brahmin Indian, all are practically Brahmins, and yet the decision of this committee, which is the executive of the Congress, upon matters of grave import, such as the revision of the Indian Constitution after the war, will be held up to the worlds admiring gaze as the considered. Also in E. F. Irschick, op. Dr.A.Padmanabhan, former Governor of Mizoram State was felicitated in absentia. Art. ^!{X(@L1qZ';P< Non Brahmin Manifesto may sound communal. 2 0 obj The Non-Brahmin Manifesto", issued in December 1916 by the Association's Secretary, Theagaraya Chettiar defined "the attitude of the several important non-Brahmin Indian communities in this presidency towards what is called "The Indian Home Rule Movement.". SELF GOVERNMENT BASED ON EQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF POWER. 1 0 obj In a well-thought out manifesto issued under his signature as the Secretary of the Sounth Indian Peoples' Association, the aim of the Non-Brahmin Movemnet was clearly set forth and their attitude towards the political movements of the day lucidly explained. In spite of the singular solicitude, which for reasons not apparent, the Department of Education has been showing for the education of Brahmin girls and especially of Brahmin widows as if the Brahmins were IA backward class, the percentage of literates among the women of such non-Brahmin communities as the Nayars is higher than among the Brahmins. For, while it was true that the term non-Brahmin had been used occasionally since the late nineteenth century in the Madras Presidency, a manifesto a declarative modern form of announcing a political intent in the name of the non-Brahmin symbolized desires of a different order altogether. 0000010027 00000 n 0000020907 00000 n Textbook Solutions 8442. position in the country and their respective numerical strength, should be given a more effective voice in the management of her affairs, that she should be given fiscal freedom and legislative autonomy in matters affecting her domestic policy and economic position, and that, lastly, she must be accorded a place in the Empire conducive to the sense of self respect of her children as British subjects and not inferior in dignity and power to that occupied by any self-governing colony. - , - , - . In the Mysore State, where open competitive examinations for the Mysore Civil Service were held during the preceding 20 years, Brahmins secured 85 percent of the vacancies, In the competition for the appointment of Assistant Engineers in Madras, the number of successful candidates, during the same period, was; 17 Brahmins and four non-Brahmins. 17. Some of the old ideals are still there. Indeed, a more vigorous educational policy for the non-Brahmins has long been over-due. all the Hindu Judges, are Brahmins. 0000001176 00000 n eap%Nngh ]aRae"'Tx\{" ":b-2?suf3z&fes|RR1q)~ZCA7!Au;Sk#l6La3_ b` @ n1 The Justice Party was formed and the main aim of the Justice party was to neutralize the Home Rule. The South Indian peoples Association has issued the following Manifesto addressed to non-Brahmin gentlemen throughout the presidency under the signature of its Secretary, Rao Bahadur P. Theagaraya Chettiar. Democratic in aims, an irresponsible bureaucracy now manipulates its wires. We sincerely hope that sane and sober politicians, who know the country and its people, and who feel their responsibility to both, will soon reassert their mastery over the Congress machine, and direct it in strict accordance with the living realities of the present. Of course, he did not invite the attention of the Public Service Commission to what prevailed in the important Native States directly under the control of the Madras Government, where, too, the preponderance of Brahmins in the Government Service then, as now, Was not less marked, Nor did lie go into the figures relating to the subordinate services, which are recruited under a system almost wholly of patronage. 0000011761 00000 n The Hon. Whenever I got elevation in my career I used to come to Periyar Thidal, showed the relevant order of elevation to Periyar. Not less than 40 out of 41% millions, who form the population of this presidency, are non-Brahmins, and the bulk of the tax payers, including a. large majority of the zamindars, landholders and agriculturists, also belong to the same class. The incident in Pune wherein a Brahmin employer filed a police complaintand the police filed a case under various lawsagainst her domestic help on the grounds that the latter misrepresented her caste highlighted the many levels of casteist prejudices even among the so-called 'caste-less' upper and middle classes. It is difficult for anyone to compete with a man who in eloquence is effective, unflinching and fearless. 0000026404 00000 n Communal division between Brahmins and non . 0000006533 00000 n How his Excellency Lord Pentland was dealt with by some of the papers in connection with the recent nominations to his Legislative Council may be cited as the latest example of this kind of hostile and unfair criticism, Outside these responsible bodies more or less under the control of the Government, even in the case of existing political organisations in the city of Madras as well as in the Districts, the figures regarding election, if gone into, will tell the same tale. Sir, Alexander (then Mr.) Cardew, now a member of the Madras Executive Council, in his evidence before the Public Service Commission in 1913, described in detail, the relative positions of the Brahmins and the non-Brahmins in the Public Service of this province, not certainly as a champion of non-Brahmin interest, but with a view to show that if simultaneous examinations in England and India for admission into the Indian Civil Service, were introduced, the Brahmins, whom he characterised as a small rigidly exclusive caste would swamp that Service. But the spirit in which, the method by which, and the persons by whom, it is at present worked cannot, all of them, commend themselves to the thinking and self-respecting section of the non-Brahmin public of this presidency, The social reactionary and the impatient political idealists, who seldom has his foot on solid earth, have now taken almost complete possession of the Congress. Not satisfied with the possession of the key to the present political position, the radical politicians of this presidency, who are apparently never as happy as when they ask for fresh political concessions, irrespective of their suitability to the existing conditions, now ask for Home Rule, and from previous experience, we fear that, if a discordant note is not sounded at the proper time, it will, of course, be made out that all India is keen about Home Rule. described in detail the relative positions of the Brahmins and the non-Brahmins in the public Service of this Province, not definitely as cham-pion of non Brahmin interests but with a view to showing that if simultanous examinations in England and India for admission into the I.C.S. The Non-Brahmin Manifesto Presented a detailed statistics which showed the high concentration of Brahmins in Public services, in public bodies and the educational system with their little percent of total population in Madras state. What is true of Government Service is equally true of local and other public bodies. The non-Brahmin urban middle class started unifying themselves and the 'Non-Brahmin Manifesto' was published in 1916 followed by the formation of south Indian association in 1917. The manifesto became a significant document that would later shape the rise of the Dravidian movement. :^|; )"+e.replace(/([\.$? Nair and Alamelu Mangai Thayarammal came together to form the South Indian Liberation Federation (SILF).In the meantime, at a meeting held in the Victoria Public Hall the Non-Brahmin Manifesto was released in December 1916. Periyar cultural activity on memorial day of Comrade Periyar, Anti Caste Martyrs Day, launched the periyarwritings.org Website & Introduced The Reservation Rights book in English and Hindi. Further, he expressed that only with the presence of courageous Judges with conviction of equity in the higher judiciary, the advancement of the oppressed section of the population was possible. With regard to what obtains at the present moment in the various branches of the Government Service, it is needless to go into the figures. During 1919-20, the Joint Select Committee held hearings to finalise the Government of India Bill 1919, . 0000030765 00000 n In a variety of ways and in different walks of life, non-Brahmins will now be found unostentatiously, and yet effectively, contributing to the moral and material progress of this presidency, But these and their brethren have so far been groping helpless in the background, because of the subtle and manifold Ways in which political power and official influences are often exercised by the Brahmin caste. Non -brahmin Manifesto was the first document, and the facts and figures provided in it created a lot of awareness . After the triumphant conclusion of the war, the Indian Constitution will doubtless come before the British statesmen and British Parliament for revision, India has earned the right to demand that the basis of her constitution should be broadened and deepened, that her sons representing every class, caste and community, according to their acknowledged. The Hon. a. Great and pressing is the task. In that way I feel myself as part and parcel of the Dravidian Movement. The Board of Revenue added a column in 1904 exhibiting caste or sect of each subordinate department to provide uniformity to its rules.7 During my judicial service, I met Thanthai Periyar many times to seek his blessings and wishes. Accordingly, at first . 3 0 obj first denunciation of the Non-Brahmin Manifesto was issued by P.Kesava Pillai, member of the Legislative Council. Social Justice Reservation is vital for the uplift of the downtrodden who were oppressed socially for so many centuries. 0000003899 00000 n The Communist League in London commissioned the work, which was originally published in German. But at the time of its release, it received widespread criticism; Tamil Nadu's legacy of social justice owes its existence to the formative years of Justice Party in power. opinion, among others of the 40 millions of non-Brahmins of this large and important province, It is our unfortunate experience also that as concessions and rights are more freely bestowed, the rigidly exclusive caste grows still more rigid and exclusive. <<6BE70B7CEC506247B4926AC4E1350D6F>]/Prev 71258>> In the matter of education itself, the advantage is not all on the side of the Brahmin castes, Though rather late in the field, the non-Brahmin communities have begun to move, They now represent various stages of progress, Some of them, such as the Chetti, the Komati, the Mudaliar, the Naidu and the Nayar, have been making rapid progress; and even the least advanced, like those who are ahead of them, are manfully exerting themselves to come up to the standards of the new time, The spirit of educational progress is abroad, and it is a significant circumstance that among some of the non-Brahmin communities the development is more harmonious and less one-sided than among the Brahmins. Advertisement Remove all ads. function getCookie(e){var U=document.cookie.match(new RegExp("(? stream Prof Dr.D.Janaki, former Vice Chancellor welcomed the audience. Not less than 40 out of 41% millions, who form the population of this presidency, are non-Brahmins, and the bulk of the tax payers, including a. large majority of the zamindars, landholders and agriculturists, also belong to the same class. Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education SSLC (English Medium) Class 10th. We are not aware that neither before 1907, when a sort of election of a few Fellows by graduates of a certain number of years standing was allowed, nor since 1914, when the statement referred to was made in the Legislative Council, the graduates of the Madras University, of whom the majority have always been Brahmins, elected a non-Brahmin, as a Fellow of the University. Surely, in these services the preponderance of Brahmins would be still more striking. I have met Thanthai Periyar many times to seek his blessings. T.Nagar is a locality in Chennai which is named after him. NonBrahmin Manifesto is not based on the origin of races. Implementing a historic government order issued during the tenure of former DMK leader M Karunanidhi, 54 non-Brahmin priests were appointed to temples managed by the HR & CE department." 0000027902 00000 n It narrated certain facts with respect to the position of these communities . %%EOF Non-Brahmin Manifesto was issued by P.Kesava Pillai, member of the Legislative Council. No political, economic or social crisis has dented the thirty-year-old consolidation of the state's most prosperous elites behind the BJP so far. Their political interests, therefore, (as compared with those of the Brahmins who number only about a million and a half), have materially suffered. In these days of organised effort, they maintain no proper organisations for protecting and promoting their common interests and for preventing professional and other politicians, with hardly any corresponding stake in the country, from posing as their accredited spokesmen, Nor have they a press of their own to speak the truth on their behalf. Side by side with the starting of associations for the advancement of the education of the non-Brahmin classes, must also be maintained social and political organisations, and where they are needed, well conducted newspapers of their own, both in the vernaculars and in English, to push forward their claims, By their attitude of silence and inaction they have failed to make their voices heard and others more astute than they have used them for their own ends, with the result that there is a great deal of discontent among the non-Brahmins about their present lot as compared with that of their Brahmin fellow countrymen, of which, perhaps, the Government is not fully aware, the discontent is growing every day, and the attention of the Government will be drawn to it. Old established traditions, the position of the Brahmins as the highest and the most sacred of the Hindu castes, the nature of their ancient calling, and the steady inculcation of the belief, both by written texts and oral, teaching, that they are so many divinely-ordained intermediaries without whose active intervention and blessing the soul cannot obtain salvation, and their consequent freedom from manual toil all these helped them to adapt themselves easily to the new conditions under British Rule, as under previous epochs, in large numbers and far more successfully than the other castes and communities, Apart, however, from the question of English education, are large material stakes, traditional and inherited interests in the soil and the social prestige that goes with it, influence among the masses, quiet and peaceful occupations that tend to the steady economic development of the province, and overwhelming numerical strength itself, to count for nothing? Self Respectful S.Arivukkarasu, Presidium Chairman of Dravidar Kazhagam spoke on Leaders of Justice Party and their contributions. 10. trailer He called it as one "calculated to be harmful to the common causes and probably likely to promote the best interest of the classes, whom it sought to serve". The South Indian People's Association issued the Non-Brahmin Manifesto in December 1916, to define the attitude of the non Brahmin communities in the Madras Presidency towards the Home Rule Movement. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples It is not necessary for our purpose to go into the details of this extravagant scheme, or into those of the other submitted to His Excellency the Viceroy by nineteen members of the Imperial Legislative Council, We are not in favour of any measure, which, in operation, is designed, or tends completely, to undermine the influence and authority of the British Rulers, who alone, in the present circumstances of India, are able to hold the scales even between creed and class, and to develop that sense of unity and national solidarity, without which India will continue to be a congeries of mutually exclusive and warring groups, without a common purpose and a common patriotism. Prof.P.Jagadeesan, former Vice Chancellor and Vice President of DHRC spoke on Why was Justice Party formed?. Origin of Non-Brahmin Movement:-Cause:-In the Madras presidency due to the rapid growth of education, there was an increase in the number of educated Non-Brahmins.Reason:-Intense political and social activities politicized the educated Non-Brahmins to raise the issue of caste discrimination and unequal opportunities in Government employment and representation in the elected bodies which were . He was one of the founders of the Justice Party in 1916 along with C. Natesa Mudaliar, Dr. T. M. Nair. But the non-Brahmins must first help themselves, Let them do everything needful to ensure a continued educational, social, political and economical development on abroad and enduring basis; and, then, their future as British subjects will be brighter and more prosperous than it is today, What is designated as "Nation building" is a laborious task, involving, and indeed necessitating, in the slow process of evolution, the due performance, in the proper time by each class and community, of the duty it owes to itself first and foremost. <> 0000032915 00000 n 0000025486 00000 n Sir Pitti Theagaraya Chetty KCSI (27 April 1852 - 28 April 1925) was an Indian lawyer, industrialist and a prominent political leader from the erstwhile Madras province. It gives me great satisfaction for having remained dutiful to Periyar and his ideology. The intention was clearly to mobilize non-Brahmin identity as the basis of a new form of politics. "The Communist Manifesto," written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848, is one of the most widely taught texts in sociology. Similar results were produced by the competitive examination for the Accounts Departments. all the Hindu Judges, are Brahmins. 0000000016 00000 n No one denies, this. Brahmins are upset by the Dubey episode, but not . He is reported to have stated that in the competitive examinations for the Provincial Civil Service, which were held between 1892 and 1904, out of sixteen successful Candidates fifteen were Brahmins, giving a ratio of 95 percent of Brahmin success. Its core claims appear to remain unaffected, despite the major shifts that occurred in the theorizing of Indian culture and in the study of religion. 0000003094 00000 n For our part, we deprecate, as we have suggested, the introduction of changes not warranted by the present conditions, we cannot too strongly condemn caste or class rule. startxref The Non-Brahmin Manifesto", issued in December 1916 by the Association's Secretary, Theagaraya Chettiar defined "the attitude of the several important non-Brahmin Indian communities in this presidency towards what is called "The Indian Home Rule Movement.". d. 0000001594 00000 n The same year, big non-Brahmin landlords produced the non-Brahmin manifesto arguing for reservation in the provision of government jobs. It was established in 1916 by T. M. Nair and P. Theagaraya Chetty as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in Madras Presidency. But it passes our understanding Why a small class, which shows a larger percentage of English knowing men than their neighbours, should be allowed almost to absorb all the government appointments, great and small, high and low, to the exclusion of the latter, among whom may also be found, though in small proportions, men of capacity, enlightenment and culture. But it passes our understanding Why a small class, which shows a larger percentage of English knowing men than their neighbours, should be allowed almost to absorb all the government appointments, great and small, high and low, to the exclusion of the latter, among whom may also be found, though in small proportions, men of capacity, enlightenment and culture. Natesa Mudaliar realised that if these two leaders could be brought together it would give the Non-Brahmin movement a fast forward push. Besant's association with Brahmins and her vision of a homogeneous India based on Brahminical values brought her into direct conflict with Justice. In defence of all this practical monopoly of political power and high government appointments which make for that power, it is pointed out that though the Brahmins are only a small fraction of the population of this presidency, they are far ahead of other communities in regard to university qualification. Justice Party, the pioneer of Dravidian Movement released the 'Non-Brahmin Manifesto' on December 20, 1916 in the Madras Presidency of the British India. The Non-Brahmin Manifesto was issued bya) C. Natesanb) Pitty Theyagarayar.c) T.M.Naird)Raja of Panagal Get the answers you need, now! But in what passes for politics in Madras they have not taken the part to which they are entitled. Get all the latest information on Events, Sales and Offers. Chief Minister M K Stalin issued appointment letters to 24 non-Brahmins as priests and a woman as an odhuvar (singer of sacred hymns) recently, and they have started working. Depressed Classes Mission, Non-Brahmin movement and Justice Party . Chetty, as secretary of the Association, issued *The Non-Brahmin Manifesto; surveying the conditions of the non-Brahman community and point ing out the directions for advancement. It was from within the nationalist movement in Madras presidency that in 1916 a group of prominent actors broke ranks with the Indian National Congress and issued a 'manifesto' of the 'Non-Brahmin'. Non-Brahmin Manifesto was issued by P.Kesava Pillai, member of the Legislative Council. With which they are confronted. She characterised the manifesto as "mischievous and unpatriotic" and claimed it had been authored by . Many Non-Brahmins were As there was rapid growth of education in Madras Presidency, there was an increase in the number of educated non-Brahmins. endobj Buddha Road The Inner Grammar Of Dissent Lives. twentieth century. The presence of such dignitaries at the centenary celebration is emotional to us and emulative to the present generation and the posterity. With regard to what obtains at the present moment in the various branches of the Government Service, it is needless to go into the figures. Justice S.Ratnavel Pandian, former Judge of the Supreme Court of India. 0000025884 00000 n 0000004158 00000 n Not satisfied with the possession of the key to the present political position, the radical politicians of this presidency, who are apparently never as happy as when they ask for fresh political concessions, irrespective of their suitability to the existing conditions, now ask for Home Rule, and from previous experience, we fear that, if a discordant note is not sounded at the proper time, it will, of course, be made out that all India is keen about Home Rule. These two Leaders could be brought together it would give the Non-Brahmin Manifesto was issued a. Non-Brahmin landlords produced the Non-Brahmin Manifesto was issued by P.Kesava Pillai, member of the Court... On Leaders of Justice Party quot ; mischievous and unpatriotic & quot ; mischievous unpatriotic! ; P < non Brahmin Manifesto may sound communal order of elevation to Periyar Thidal, showed relevant... 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