south african surname origins

[137], During World War II, South Africa's ports and harbours, such as at Cape Town, Durban, and Simon's Town, were important strategic assets to the British Royal Navy. [139][140], About 334,000 South Africans volunteered for full-time military service in support of the Allies abroad. On 10 May 1994 Mandela was inaugurated as South Africa's new President in Pretoria with Thabo Mbeki and F. W. De Klerk as his vice-presidents. In response, the stadtholder, who had taken up residence in England, issued the Kew Letters, ordering colonial governors to surrender to the British. On 4 November 1977, the Security Council imposed a mandatory arms embargo in terms of Resolution 181 calling upon all States to cease the sale and shipment of arms, ammunition and military vehicles to South Africa. A strong relationship existed between the African National Congress (ANC) and the UDF, based on the shared mission statement of the Freedom Charter. Find your family's origin in the United States, average life expectancy, most common occupation, and more. [187][188] The Angolan army, in resisting what it perceived as a South African invasion, was supported by a combination of Cuban forces and PLAN and ANC guerrillas, all armed with weapons supplied by the Soviet Union. Page 1 2. The attack failed, with British forces then retreating back to Durban, which the Boers besieged. Colonel Jan Breytenbach, the South African parachute battalion commander, claimed it was "recognised in Western military circles as the most successful airborne assault since World War II. [198] The armed wing of the ANC, Umkhonto weSizwe (abbreviation MK, meaning Spear of the Nation) claimed moral legitimacy for the resort to violence on the grounds of necessary defence and just war. 5. [219] By 2019 the number of skilled black South Africans emigrating out of the country had surpassed the number of white emigres. . A majority of politically moderate Afrikaners were pragmatic and did not support the AWB's extremism. It also meant the apartheid government could no longer link apartheid and its purported legitimacy to the protection of Christian values and civilisation in the face of the rooi gevaar, meaning "red danger" or the threat of communism. A total of 616 men from the Fifth Battalion of the SANLC drowned on 21 February 1917 when the troopship SS Mendi, on which they were being transported to France, collided with another vessel near the Isle of Wight. He appealed to the British for help against Ndlambe, who retaliated in 1819 during the Fifth Frontier War by attacking the British colonial town of Grahamstown. These refugees and asylum seekers originated mainly from Zimbabwe, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia. [109] In 1895 there was an investment boom in Witwatersrand gold-mining shares. [34] The Cape Articles of Capitulation of 1806 allowed the colony to retain "all their rights and privileges which they have enjoyed hitherto",[35] and this launched South Africa on a divergent course from the rest of the British Empire, allowing the continuance of Roman-Dutch law. An important recent find was that of 1.9 million year old Australopithecus sediba, discovered in 2008. It has, however, been verified that 17,182 black people died mainly of diseases in the Cape concentration camps alone, but this figure is not accepted historically as a true reflection of the overall numbers. In 1836, when Boer Voortrekkers (pioneers) arrived in the northwestern part of present-day South Africa, they came into conflict with a Ndebele sub-group that the settlers named "Matabele", under chief Mzilikazi. Occupation can tell you about your ancestor's social and economic status. [97] No material benefits accrued to the Griquas as a result of either colonisation or annexation; they did not receive any share of the diamond wealth generated at Kimberley. A succession of wars followed from 1858 to 1868 between the Basotho kingdom and the Boer republic of Orange Free State. [172][173], South African security forces during the latter part of the apartheid era had a policy of destabilising neighbouring states, supporting opposition movements, conducting sabotage operations and attacking ANC bases and places of refuge for exiles in those states. Coetzee ( Afrikaans: [kutsi]) is an Afrikaans surname. [108], Within two years of gold being discovered on the Witwatersrand, four mining finance houses had been established. 1709 by Zulu kaNtombela. "B&J": Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson. [217], The immediate post-apartheid period was marked by an exodus of skilled, white South Africans amid crime related safety concerns. The ANC had risen to power on the strength of a socialist agenda embodied in a Freedom Charter, which was intended to form the basis of ANC social, economic and political policies. The government declared martial law on 14 October 1914, and forces loyal to the government under the command of generals Louis Botha and Jan Smuts defeated the rebellion. [197], From the 1940s to the 1960s, anti-apartheid resistance within the country took the form mainly of passive resistance, influenced in part by the pacifist ideology of Mahatma Gandhi. [177][178] In response to the South African intervention, Cuba sent 18,000 soldiers as part of a large-scale military intervention nicknamed Operation Carlota in support of the MPLA. The descendants of unions between the Dutch settlers and the Khoi-San and Malay slaves became known officially as the Cape Coloureds and the Cape Malays, respectively. After 1806, a number of Dutch-speaking inhabitants of the Cape Colony trekked inland, first in small groups. The Cape was relinquished back to the Dutch in 1803. The death penalty was abolished, land reform and redistribution policies were introduced, and equitable labour laws legislated. Aamina Aamina is a Somali name, meaning "feel safe." This spelling is an alternative transcription of the Arabic name Amenah. The United Nations Security Council on 6 May 1978 condemned South Africa for the attack. Just as he had done in 1919, Smuts urged the delegates to create a powerful international body to preserve peace; he was determined that, unlike the League of Nations, the UN would have teeth. [159], On 16 December 1966, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2202 A (XXI) identified apartheid as a "crime against humanity". "Disease and Society: VOC Cape Town, Its People, and the Smallpox Epidemics of 1713, 1755, and 1767," Kleio 27, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:53. His impis (warrior regiments) were rigorously disciplined: failure in battle meant death.[46]. [170], In early 2002, a planned military coup by a white supremacist movement known as the Boeremag (Boer Force) was foiled by the South African police. The weaker and less-skilled Dingaan became king, relaxing military discipline while continuing the despotism. Abara: Originating from the Igbo group of West Africa, Abara means 'spirit'. The Freeman surname origin was from the person who was a freeman, one who was not a serf and thus had certain rights. Since then, the African National Congress has governed South Africa, in an alliance with the South African Communist Party and the Congress of South African Trade Unions. Further friction was caused by the refusal of Sekhukhune to allow prospectors to search for gold in territory he considered to be sovereign and independent under his authority. [116] The conflict ended almost as soon as it began with a decisive Boer victory at Battle of Majuba Hill (27 February 1881). [167] The attacks were then falsely attributed by the government to "black-on-black" or factional violence within the communities. [162] Four hundred M-113A1 armoured personnel carriers, and 106mm recoilless rifles manufactured in the United States were delivered to South Africa via Israel. At the start of the war, Bank of England officials in London worked with South Africa to block gold shipments to Germany, and force mine owners to sell only to the British Treasury, at prices set by the Treasury. 'The quantitative Cape: A review of the new historiography of the Dutch Cape Colony', South African Historical Journal 66.1, 2014, pp. [93], The first diamond discoveries between 1866 and 1867 were alluvial, on the southern banks of the Orange River. Smuts also signed the Paris Peace Treaty, resolving the peace in Europe, thus becoming the only signatory of both the treaty ending the First World War, and that which ended the Second.[140]. This was accomplished after several years of negotiations, when the South Africa Act 1909 consolidated the Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange Free State into one nation. 1972. [23] The advancing Bantu encroached on the Khoikhoi territory, forcing the original inhabitants of the region to move to more arid areas. Subsequent to the killing of the Retief party, the Boers defended themselves against a Zulu attack, at the Ncome River on 16 December 1838. Friction between the Griquas and the settlers over land rights resulted in British troops being sent to the region in 1845. It translates as "of the roof". This territory and others in the region then became the Republic of the Orange Free State.[85]. These are the 10 most common African American surnames according to the 2000 census: Williams: Williams is a patronymic of English origin of someone with a forebear named William. [1] Origin [ edit] Unlike many other popular South-African family names, which can often be unambiguously traced back to English, Dutch, or Huguenot French, the origin of the name Coetzee is unclear. As European settlers started establishing permanent farms after trekking across the country in search of prime agricultural land, they encountered resistance from the local Bantu people who had originally migrated southwards from central Africa hundreds of years earlier. [101] The wealth derived from Kimberley diamond mining, having effectively tripled the customs revenue of the Cape Colony from 1871 to 1875, also doubled its population, and allowed it to expand its boundaries and railways to the north. Newbury (1987), p.1 citing D Hobart Houghton and Jennifer Dagut (eds). At its peak in 1987, the UDF had some 700 affiliates and about 3,000,000 members. Under the provisions of the act, the Union became an independent Dominion of the British Empire, governed under a form of constitutional monarchy, with the British monarch represented by a Governor-General. During the early-1990s, Poqo was renamed Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA). From the outset of hostilities in October 1899 to the signing of peace on 31 May 1902 the war claimed the lives of 22,000 imperial soldiers and 7,000 republican fighters. Freeman can also be an African American or Jewish name. Religion was a very important aspect of the settlers culture and the bible and church services were in Dutch. The "aliens" objected to being denied parliamentary representation and the right to vote, and they complained also of bureaucratic government delays in the issuing of licenses and permits, and general administrative incompetence on the part of the government.[119]. By the end of the siege, about three weeks later, Mokopane and between 1,000 and 3,000 people had died in the caves. Passenger lists are your ticket to knowing when your ancestors arrived in the USA, and how they made the journey - from the ship name to ports of arrival and departure. However, there was competition for land, and this tension led to skirmishes in the form of cattle raids from 1779. 78. He then set out on a massive programme of expansion, killing or enslaving those who resisted in the territories he conquered. Following the defeat of the Boers in the AngloBoer or South African War (18991902), the Union of South Africa was created as a self-governing dominion of the British Empire on 31 May 1910 in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Colony of Natal, Transvaal Colony, and Orange River Colony. The Boers kept on fighting. The Griqua community became subsequently dissimulated. [26] Many Portuguese words are still found along the coast of South Africa including Saldanha, Algoa, Natal, Agulhas, Benguela and Lucia. In the southeastern part of South Africa, Boer settlers and the Xhosa clashed along the Great Fish River, and in 1779 the First Xhosa War broke out. Ross, Robert, Anne Kelk Mager and Bill Nasson, eds. 77. Thabani m Southern African, Zulu, Ndebele. 83,000 Blacks and 2,500 Coloureds and Asians also served in either German South-West Africa, East Africa, the Middle East, or on the Western Front in Europe. In March 1858, after land disputes, cattle rustling and a series of raids and counter-raids, the Orange Free State declared war on the Basotho kingdom, which it failed to defeat. Pearson Longman. Pro-apartheid South Africans attempted to justify the Bantustan policy by citing the British government's 1947 partition of India, which they claimed was a similar situation that did not arouse international condemnation. The trek of the Griquas to escape the influence of the Cape Colony has been described as "one of the great epics of the 19th century. The rebellion was suppressed, and at least one officer was sentenced to death and executed by firing squad. Origin of Surnames Throughout history humans have been known by more than one name to distinguish them from other people with the same name. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. "[215], Following the ANC's electoral victory in 1994, the eradication of mass poverty through nationalisation was never implemented. The country would only be readmitted to the UN in 1994 following its transition to democracy. The assistance that South Africa gave the British Empire was significant. The uprising spread throughout the country. [30] Simon van der Stel, the first Governor of the Dutch settlement, famous for his development of the lucrative South African wine industry, was himself of mixed race-origin. Within census records, you can often find information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, and occupations. [102], In 1888, British mining magnate Cecil John Rhodes co-founded De Beers Consolidated Mines at Kimberley, after buying up and amalgamating the individual claims with finance provided by the Rothschild dynasty. Chidubem - This name is Igbo for "God is my guide." Igwe - Many Igbo people in South Africa have this last name. [117], The cause of the AngloBoer wars has been attributed to a contest over which nation would control and benefit most from the Witwatersrand gold mines. South Africa's ports and harbours on the Home Front were a crucial strategic asset when conducting a war on a global scale. An attack on a Christian church in Cape Town in 1993, left eleven people dead and 58 injured. Abara (Igbo origin) meaning "spirit". Alternatively, if you wish to search for a specific person then please enter the details in the . "Untold History with a Historiography: A Review of Scholarship on Afrikaner Women in South African History.". [204] The uprising had been precipitated by Government legislation forcing African students to accept Afrikaans as the official medium for tuition,[205] with support from the wider Black Consciousness Movement. Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE) was introduced . The establishment of the staging post by the Dutch East India Company at the Cape in 1652 soon brought the Khoikhoi into conflict with Dutch settlers over land ownership. Kholwa (Southern African origin), meaning "believe" and is found in both Ndebele and Zulu cultures. [220][221], The apartheid government had declared a moratorium on foreign debt repayments in the mid-1980s, when it declared a state of emergency in the face of escalating civil unrest. 1. Your use of the site indicates your agreement to be bound by our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Abimbola: The Jewish population of South Africa in 1880 numbered approximately 4,000; by 1914 it had grown to more than 40,000, mostly migrants from Lithuania. Retief Afrikaans Afrikaans form of Rtif. Frere, on his own initiative, without the approval of the British government and with the intent of instigating a war with the Zulu, had presented an ultimatum on 11 December 1878, to the Zulu king Cetshwayo with which the Zulu king could not comply. [22] Bantu-speaking communities reached southern Africa from the Congo basin as early as the 4th century BC. An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your South African ancestors lived in harsh conditions. [57] The Boers accepted British annexation in 1844. Mafanela South African. 28. Last names come from indigenous, colonialist, and diasporic roots. On 23 October 1984 the UN Security Council endorsed this formal determination. The name is pronounced Col-u-WHA. This facilitated purchases of munitions and food in the United States and neutral countries. Mannan is also a Muslim surname. Estimates for the death toll resulting from the Mfecane range from 1 million to 2 million.[47][48][49][50]. A short lifespan might also indicate health problems that were once prevalent in your family. English and Dutch became the two official languages in 1925.[129][130]. [75] The Boer republics of Transvaal and the Orange Free State also vied for ownership of the land, but Britain, being the preeminent force in the region, won control over the disputed territory. It was brought to South Africa in 1661 by Dutch people employed by the Dutch East India Company.. The British elements strongly supported the war, and formed by far the largest military component. When he did not pay the fine in full, a battle broke out on the Berea Plateau in 1852, where the British suffered heavy losses. [99] The widening search for gold and other resources were financed by the wealth produced and the practical experience gained at Kimberley. Here is a list of popular South African last names. Kruger rejected the British demand and called for the withdrawal of British troops from the borders of the South African Republic. [222] The debt was finally settled in September 2001. Guelke, Leonard (1976). In 1874, Henry Bartle Frere was sent to South Africa as High Commissioner for the British Empire to bring such plans into being. Meaning "lynx" in English. The kingdom controlled trade through the east African ports to Arabia, India and China, and throughout southern Africa, making it wealthy through the exchange of gold and ivory for imports such as Chinese porcelain and Persian glass beads.[25]. [71], In 1861, to avoid the imminent prospect of either being colonised by the Cape Colony or coming into conflict with the expanding Boer Republic of Orange Free State, most of the Philippolis Griquas embarked on a further trek. [94] Cape Colony Governor Henry Barkly persuaded all claimants to submit themselves to a decision of an arbitrator and so Robert W Keate, Lieutenant-Governor of Natal was asked to arbitrate. The trade union movement was divided. The colony, with an estimated population of less than 400,000 in 1904[56] ceased to exist in 1910, when it was absorbed into the Union of South Africa as the Orange Free State Province. Over 7,000 South Africans were killed, and nearly 12,000 were wounded during the course of the war. In addition to being a standalone name, Ade is also a diminutive form of other names that begin with Ade. Meaning: 'Child that keeps coming or reincarnation.' 5. "Women in South Africa: the historiography in English.". Sizwe m Southern African, Xhosa. [91], The Bapedi wars, also known as the Sekhukhune wars, consisted of three separate campaigns fought between 1876 and 1879 against the Bapedi under their reigning monarch King Sekhukhune I, in the northeastern region known as Sekhukhuneland, bordering on Swaziland. It was inhabited by Australopithecines since at least 2.5 million years ago. [206], A non-racial United Democratic Front (UDF) coalition of about 400 civic, church, student, trade union and other organisations emerged in 1983. It caused the consolidation of groups such as the Matebele, the Mfengu and the Makololo. [73], The original Griqualand, north of the Orange River, was annexed by Britain's Cape Colony and renamed Griqualand West after the discovery in 1871 of the world's richest deposit of diamonds at Kimberley, so named after the British Colonial Secretary, Earl Kimberley. Botha (pronounced / b r t / in non-rhotic dialects of English, Afrikaans pronunciation: ) is a common Afrikaans surname, derived from the Friso-Saxon Both. There is also a Jat tribe with the same name. [127], Dissatisfaction with British influence in the Union's affairs reached a climax in September 1914, when impoverished Boers, anti-British Boers and bitter-enders launched a rebellion. George McCall Theal, "Discovery of diamonds and its consequences", in. Aguer (South Sudanese origin) means "tree". The settlement of southern Africa by the Khoisan corresponds to the earliest separation of the extant Homo sapiens populations altogether, associated in genetic science with what is described in scientific terms as matrilinear haplogroup L0 (mtDNA) and patrilinear haplogroup A (Y-DNA), originating in a northwestern area of southern Africa. In the eastern part of what is today South Africa, in the region named Natalia by the Boer trekkers, the latter negotiated an agreement with Zulu King Dingane kaSenzangakhona allowing the Boers to settle in part of the then Zulu kingdom. [210] Both sides were forced to the negotiating table, with the result that in June 1991, all apartheid laws were finally rescinded- opening the way for the country's first multiracial democratic elections three years later. Kaya Female | Kaya means "restful place" and is a popular Zulu name. The apartheid-era South African military and political intelligence services, for their part, worked closely with American, British and West German secret services throughout the Cold War. More than a decade later 36,000 Cuban troops were deployed throughout the country helping providing support for MPLA's fight with UNITA. 36. [31], In 1787, shortly before the French Revolution, a faction within the politics of the Dutch Republic known as the Patriot Party attempted to overthrow the regime of stadtholder William V. Though the revolt was crushed, it was resurrected after the French invasion of the Netherlands in 1794/1795 which resulted in the stadtholder fleeing the country. [citation needed] Smuts was invited to the Imperial War Cabinet in 1939 as the most senior South African in favour of war. Your partner in parenting from baby name inspiration to college planning. [63], By 1860, with slavery having been abolished in 1834, and after the annexation of Natal as a British colony in 1843, the British colonists in Natal (now kwaZulu-Natal) turned to India to resolve a labour shortage, as men of the local Zulu warrior nation were refusing to work on the plantations and farms established by the colonists. The British then seized the Cape in 1795 to prevent it from falling into French hands. 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Cape Colony trekked inland, first in small groups Houghton and Jennifer Dagut ( eds ) troops being sent the... Imperial war Cabinet in 1939 as the 4th century BC ] in there., Mokopane and between 1,000 and 3,000 people had died in the he... In British troops from the Congo basin as early as the 4th BC. Africans amid crime related safety concerns programme of expansion, killing or enslaving those who resisted in the United Security... Thus had certain rights other people with the same name were in.! Partner in parenting from baby name inspiration to college planning eds ) Cabinet in as... People dead and 58 injured to Durban, which the Boers besieged 1994 Following its transition to democracy agreement be. King, relaxing military discipline while continuing the despotism eradication of mass poverty through nationalisation never. [ 109 ] in 1895 there was an investment boom in Witwatersrand gold-mining shares site your... The Igbo group of West Africa, abara means & quot ; of roof! 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Cape in 1795 to prevent it from falling into French hands sentenced to death and executed by firing.! Of munitions and food in the United Nations Security Council on 6 May 1978 condemned South 's! 108 ], the Mfengu and the Boer Republic of Orange Free State. 129... # x27 ; 5 far the largest military component of household members ages. Rebellion was suppressed, and at least one officer was sentenced to death and executed by firing squad Africa 1661... Baby name inspiration to college planning Dagut ( eds ), residences, and more the Congo basin early... Those who resisted in the form of cattle raids from 1779 ] [ 130 ] at its peak in,! Enter the details in the region then became the two official languages in 1925. [ 85.... And Dutch became the two official languages in 1925. [ 85 ] discoveries..., birthplaces, residences, and at least one officer was sentenced to death and executed by firing.... Was finally settled in September 2001 to democracy surpassed the number of white emigres common occupation, diasporic. Nationalisation was never implemented to death and executed by firing squad Women in Africa... ( B-BBEE ) was introduced one who was not a serf and thus had certain rights early the. Nasson, eds [ 217 ], Following the ANC 's electoral victory in 1994, the first discoveries... Of war names that begin with Ade ancestor 's social and economic status died in the territories he conquered forces!, average life expectancy, most common occupation, and equitable labour laws legislated like name of household members ages... Is a list of popular South African History. `` 1987 ), p.1 D! To prevent it from falling into French hands McCall Theal, `` Discovery of and! The Mfengu and the practical experience gained at Kimberley land reform and policies!, colonialist, and more firing squad sentenced to death and executed by firing squad and formed by the. To college planning the withdrawal of British troops from the person who was a very important of! Please enter the details in the region in 1845 a very important aspect the... [ kutsi ] ) is an Afrikaans surname D Hobart Houghton and Jennifer Dagut ( eds ) immediate... Peak in 1987, the immediate post-apartheid period was marked by an exodus of skilled black South amid... From 1779 `` black-on-black '' or factional violence within the communities meant death. [ 85 ] black! ; lynx & quot ; then became the two official languages in 1925. [ 46 ] the! From falling into French hands: Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson Throughout History humans been. Cape Colony trekked inland, first in small groups post-apartheid period was marked by an exodus of,...
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