This led to a special session being called by the Legislature, to press for Fergusons impeachment. Three others dealt with the veto of university funding as an abuse of power and official oppression. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Senators will then act as jurors while the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court presides over the proceedings. This was a vital point to Ferguson, because the impeachment barred him from running for any office in Texas for life. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky is the Distinguished Professor of Digital Humanities and History at Texas A&M UniversityCommerce. Democrat James "Pa" Ferguson Jr. became governor of Texas in 1913, and his impeachment stemmed from his feud with the University of Texas. As a result it was impossible for the convention to eliminate him and obviously unwise to divide the vote by naming a rival candidate. Aside from the act instituting the highway department, the second Ferguson administration was marked by little in the way of important legislation. Almost a century later, the Ferguson impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences to. Nellie Tayloe Ross was sworn in on January 5, 1925; Miriam Ferguson followed on January 20. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Oklahoma has impeached and removed two governors, and West Virginia impeached four members of its State Supreme Court at the same time in 2018. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. Landowners were assured, however, that they need not be alarmed by the proposal, as it would benefit all concerned. Governor and President Pro Tempore have not acted, then by proclamation of a signed majority of the members of the Senate. The Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and abuse of power in relation to the university. Ferguson also ran for President of the United States in the 1920 election as the candidate of the American Party. The anti-prohibitionists attempted to have a similar convention, but Ferguson, whose statements and Bell County record identified him as an anti-prohibitionist, refused to submit his name to it. In addition, he established Farmers State Bank. Barred from state office, he ran for president in 1920 on the American Party ticket. James Ferguson. 2-stem governor fro 1921-1924 . After he returned to Texas, he studied law in Bell County and was admitted to the bar. Thereafter, he entered upon a career of banking and ranching, and by I9I4, he had attained considerable success in these activities.' In his first campaign, Ferguson displayed an amazing plat-form ability, of the rough-and-ready style. Partly cloudy skies early will give way to cloudy skies late. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. [20], A January 2014 review by the law firm Hilder & Associates concluded that there was "no credible evidence of a violation of [the state government code] that would warrant a referral for criminal prosecution." James Ferguson. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. Although Ferguson was disqualified from holding public office, he did try to run in the 1924 elections to redeem his reputation. And this current flap is far from over. In 1924, Ferguson entered his wife Miriam, known as "Ma", in the Democratic gubernatorial primary. Bruce Rutherford, The Impeachment of Jim Ferguson (Austin: Eakin Press, 1983). . He was associated with the Farmers State Bank of Belton for several years and was a member of the Texas Bankers Association. First Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. How to run for office | In retaliation, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the university. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. The convention did not endorse Ferguson, but the other anti-prohibition candidates withdrew from the race. He showed up most every day to his own trial, invited or not, with two armed Texas Rangers as escorts. Bridges can be reached by email at drkenbridges@gmail.com. Ferguson was indicted on charges including embezzlement while Carillo spent three years in jail following his impeachment. He was impeached in 1917 and removed from office. Tags Heres where Ferguson made his first greatest legal blunder. The actual trial on those charges, and subsequent removal of an official on conviction on those charges, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. Rachel M. Gunter further places the Ferguson impeachment in the context of the suffrage movement. Ferguson convinced his wife to run one more time in 1940. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. It was, in his mind, absolute. He started his own newspaper that fall, Ferguson Forum, to promote his views that the impeachment was illegitimate. Though he had signed legislation creating three new colleges, he found himself in a feud with professors at the University of Texas. Eight governors have been removed from office through impeachment. Ballotpedia features 395,442 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. He ended up back in the Governors Mansion for a third time when she became the first woman governor in Texas history. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan who enjoys sharing these stories about people from the Lone Star state. 27 February 1917 in Floresville, Texas; d. 15 June 1993 in Houston, Texas), governor of Tex, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one politician. There were two major elements of the impeachment charges brought against Ferguson in 1917. It reveals the attempt and failure of a megalomaniac in the governors chair to dominate the state university by political methods for political purposes, the American Political Science Review wrote a year later. In 1903, Ferguson was elected as city attorney in Belton, Texas. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U.S. Senate by a wide margin. She served two nonconsecutive two-year terms as governor: January 20, 1925 January 17, 1927. Ferguson was on the ballot only in Texas, where he received 47,968 votes (9.9 percent of the vote in Texas, 0.2 percent of the vote nationwide). Other high-profile librarians voiced their support of Winkler, as did the son of an ex-governor, and a chapter of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas. Lewis L. Gould, Progressives and Prohibitionists: Texas Democrats in the Wilson Era (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1973; rpt., Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1992). A powerful governor clashes with the University of Texas at Austin. Winds light and variable.. So to prove this to them, Ferguson called a special session to consider a UT funding bill he could sign. (February 23, 2023). He blamed his directors for running a shoddy operation. The question was eventually carried into the courts, where the judgment of the Court of Impeachment was sustained. Though no Texas official has been impeached and removed from office at the state level since Ferguson, Texas politics has hardly been scandal-free. He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. The most that the select committee can do would be to recommend to the full state house that articles of impeachment be drafted. James Ferguson died on September 21, 1944, and was buried in the State Cemetery in Austin. TEXAS HISTORY MINUTE: The impeachment of Pa Ferguson, Texas lawmakers push for statewide paid parental leave, Graford secures regional quarterfinal in domina, Parker County man arrested on charges of impersonating an officer, 'New' doors opening: Poston Dry Goods now Mineral Wells hub, Mineral Wells native celebrates 103rd birthday, UPDATED playoff basketball scores: 2/20-2/21/23, Brock moves on with emphatic win over Holliday, Graford secures regional quarterfinal in dominant fashion, Millsap's Coach Johnson relishes his 'calling'. Some legislators justified the impeachment on the grounds that Hall did not disclose several lawsuits that he was involved in when he originally completed his Regent background check. Their campaign slogan: Two governors for the price of one.. The veto was retaliation against the university because of its refusal to dismiss certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable, including William Harding Mayes, former Texas Lieutenant Governor and founder and dean of the University of Texas School of Journalism. The founders did not invent impeachment. This independence made him critical of existing policies, earning him sufficient popular support to win office, but also the consequent wrath of the establishment that could have protected him from investigation. After he was appointed in 2011, Hall began looking into what he believed to be clout scandals within the University of Texas system. Its president is in the crosshairs. He tapped Reverend Allan Ferguson Cunningham to serve as State Librarian, despite his lack of training or experience in the field. ." Only 17 federal officers have been impeached since 1776. His father died when he was 4. [5], On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace at her family home. The reason he called the special session was because he wanted to address the UT budget, but they impeached him instead. 4. he was accused of misuse of public funds following his call for a special legislative session When a governor is removed from office, resigns, or dies or becomes incapacitated while in office, who becomes governor? This is simply not true. In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. She even used the word Christian in the law, implying that Christian forgiveness was appropriate here. He believed that "a Negro has no business whatever taking a part in the political affairs of the Democratic party, the white man's party." When he was four years old, his father died. Unlike federal offices, which require formal charges brought against an individual and in most cases criminal charges, the Texas Constitution does not provide specific grounds for impeachment. Though no Texas official has been impeached and removed from office at the state level since Ferguson, Texas politics has hardly been scandal-free. The Legislature is aghast at the meddling with the flagship state university. A grand jury in Travis County learned that in 1915, Ferguson had transferred $5,600 from the state to a bank in Austin and then to his bank in Temple that he used to pay off a private debt. He convened the commission, and the body approved that Barker write a letter to the Governor-elect. Hilder submitted the report to the legislative committee. [5], He also became active in the Democratic Party and managed several local political campaigns. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. On July 21, 1917, in the midst of the excitement, Ferguson appeared before the Travis County grand jury, and several days later it was announced that he had been indicted on nine charges. Gould, Lewis L. "The University Becomes Politicized: The War with Jim Ferguson." In 1917, James Ferguson was impeached and removed from office as governor of Texas while under indictment. The policy of state aid to rural schools was begun, and a rather timid law requiring compulsory school attendance was passed. The vote was 25-3. He was reelected in 1916 but the following year was impeached on grounds of misusing public funds and removed from office. She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. Scandals of all sorts, from the brazen to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels. James Ferguson was brought down by his lunch.Full story: https://www.kvue.com/article/news/. Carrillospent three years in a federal penitentiary. Hall investigated the university's forgivable-loans program and admissions policies and preferential treatment to politically-connected individuals. After a trial, the Senate voted him out of office by a vote of 25-3 and banned him from holding any state office. With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. A reiteration and compilation of documents created in the House impeachment proceedings. [18] He added that the investigation was "extraordinary political theater. As historian Cortez Ewing pointed out, Ferguson was the voice of the people, and with his sixth-grade education, he promoted the idea that he had not suffered the damages of higher degrees. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Norman D. Brown, Hood, Bonnet, and Little Brown Jug: Texas Politics, 1921-1928 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1984). In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he Mr. Ferguson, known as "Pa", ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. In July 1917, he was indicted for misappropriation of funds. The movement to impeach and remove James Ferguson as governor ultimately ended with Ferguson _____. If that is the case, then the state house must follow procedures outlined regarding calling a special session specifically for the process of impeachment. Ballot measures, Who represents me? But the day before the conviction was certain to come down. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment, "Ferguson Impeachment months before, both the House and the Senate had refused to sustain charges against him, and his removal from office was far from certain when the legislature convened in special session. He took the stand on his own behalf and was mostly a weak and contradictory witness, unable to explain discrepancies. His mother continued to live on the farm, and he began working in the fields as a young boy. In 1917, Gov. The fight with the university touched off a massive scandal. Early in his second term the governor became involved in a serious quarrel with the University of Texas. Almost a century later, the impeachment of Ferguson by the Texas House of Representatives presents both striking similarities and key differences to the ongoing Hall saga. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky and Bruce A. Glasrud have brought together top scholars to shine a light on this unique chapter in Texas history. [2], Impeachments have historically been reserved for cases in which a public official committed a criminal act. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. Ma placed a distant fifth. The regents refused. The prohibitionists passed over their better-known leaders and gave their support to Charles H. Morris of Winnsboro, a political unknown. Both women followed husbands who had served earlier. The Regents refused. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. [9] According to his accusers, Hall filed requests of more than 800,000 pages, which some Texas administrators called an unnecessary burden. His father died when he was four. He submitted his resignation the day before he was scheduled to be formally convicted. A part of his appeal as a candidate for governor was his support for white supremacy in the political process. Carillo in 1975. In order for an official to be impeached, articles of impeachment must be brought by the Texas House of Representatives. Jim Ferguson got in trouble for throwing his weight around, and for using the publics money as a personal slush fund. Amplify your impact and donate now. Apply today! Committee member Dan Flynn said he was not surprised by the findings and was pleased the university counsel reached a conclusion.[21][22][23][24]. James Edward Ferguson Jr. (August 31, 1871 September 21, 1944), known as Pa Ferguson, was an American Democratic politician and the 26th Governor of Texas, in office from 1915 to 1917. He is interred next to his wife at the Texas State Cemetery in Austin. Despite the Senate's conviction, Ferguson sought to run for governor again in 1924. James Ferguson was a banker from Temple who would become governor in 1914 - famous, or infamous, as the only Texas governor to face impeachment. Thats how she likes it. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The Texas State Legislature adjourned its regular session on May 27, 2013. U.S. Congress | The Arizona House and Senate impeached Mecham, a Republican, in 1988 after a state grand jury convicted him on six felony charges of fraud, perjury and filing false documents. When Ferguson found that he could not have his way, he vetoed practically the entire appropriation for the university. All Rights Reserved.Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | site credit, on Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson, Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson, Leaders of Their Race: Educating Black and White Women in the New South. Though he was kicked out of office and disgraced in front of his colleagues, Ferguson was still very popular among his hard-core supporters and rallied back. [7], In 1914, Ferguson was elected as governor of Texas by running as an anti-prohibitionist Democrat. Then, like now, a governor was counting on his friends on the board of regents to carry out his will. Found in volume 15,291 (available at govinfo). Southwestern Historical Quarterly 86 (October 1982). While the campaign of 1916 was in progress, the Ferguson administration had been charged with a number of irregularities. He later ran anyway, claiming that he had resigned before he was convicted. [17] Governor of Texas Rick Perry's spokesperson said the investigations send a "chilling message" to gubernatorial appointees. Ferguson was also surpassed by three other unsuccessful candidates: Ferguson failed at his bid for the United States Senate in 1922, having lost in the Democratic runoff election to Earle Bradford Mayfield. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Sam Houston was the first president of the Independent Republic of Texas , and he later served as governor of the state of T, Connally, John Bowden, Jr. "[19] Texas state legislators have never previously tried to remove an appointed official. Eight governors have been removed from office through impeachment. Ferguson then went on a tour of Texas, voicing his disdain for the university and what he called the university crowd in public speeches. He often said, civilization begins and ends with the plow. Ferguson was a mesmerizing speaker and storyteller and was splendidly fluent in the dialects of rural Texas. Impeachment is the equivalent of an indictment. James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. I suppose the best of these was substantially increasing the funding for public education, particularly benefiting rural Texas, and creating a Texas Highway Department, even though he later raided the agencys funds with impunity. The accusations, apparently true, were typical of the corruption, graft, and manipulations of American public life. The chairman of the investigating committee, William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment. But it is Hall not his political patron, Perry who would be targeted for possible impeachment. In retaliation, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the university. If the Senate is not in session, there are four ways by which it may be convened.[7]. He claimed to be a successful businessman; he was not. He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. Ferguson's attack against Mayes resulted in a drive by the legislature to impeach Ferguson. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Fergusons political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, womens enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one politician. The vote made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust or profit in the state of Texas. He loaned himself so much money that he practically bankrupted his own bank. July 2, 20146 AM Central. The following sections are outlined in Article 15 of the Texas Constitution. Similarly, the Texas Constitution gives the lower house of the legislature power to impeach judges, the governor and statewide elected officials. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges in July 1917. He liked to say he was no city slicker and no college dude. A government doesnt require educated fools to run properly. Senators then act as jurors while the chief justice of the Supreme Court presides over the proceedings. (renews at {{format_dollars}}{{start_price}}{{format_cents}}/month + tax). youngest governor in Texas history. [15][16] No unelected official in Texas has ever been successfully impeached or removed from office. He resigned his office the day before the judgment was announced and contended that it did not apply to him. In July 1917, he was indicted for misappropriation of funds. Meanwhile, Winkler fought for his job by enlisting the help of his colleagues. It proved his undoing. He was barred, but managed to have his wife ("Ma Ferguson") elected governor; she was elected for a second term in 1932. To be the Democratic nominee for governor was the same as being elected governor. The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten of them. At 16, he left home and drifted through the states of the American West, working successively in a vineyard, a mine, a barbed wire factory, and at a grain ranch. "Ma" Ferguson became the second female governor in the United States, with Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming being the first. An overview by John R. Lundberg offers a comprehensive survey of the impeachment process. In general, the purpose of an impeachment proceeding is to remove from office a . This ragtag pair, better known as "Pa . The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. He was defeated in the Democratic primary by his successor and incumbent, William P. Hobby of Houston, previously the lieutenant governor. The tenant law was passed but remained on the statute books only a short time before being declared unconstitutional. The Senate, acting as a court of impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and convicted the governor of 10 of them. The day before he was thrown out of office he resigned, saying it didn't count. System has not protected the privacy rights of students, staff, and patients. Among the charges was falsifying campaign finance reports to conceal a loan to his campaign of $350,000. While there, legislators legally took up another matter, impeachment. The Texas House of Representatives prepared 21 charges against Ferguson, and, in his impeachment trial, the Texas Senate convicted him on 10 of those charges, including misapplication of public funds and receiving $156,000 from an unnamed source.[12][13]. The campaign proved him to be a man of considerable native ability and the possessor of a captivating personality. Has Austin Eliminated All Restrictions On People Experiencing Homelessness? Mrs. Ferguson served as the first lady of Texas during the gubernatorial terms of her husband (1915-17), who was impeached during his second administration. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. James T. DeShields, They Sat in High Places: The Presidents and Governors of Texas (San Antonio: Naylor, 1940). Gov. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. Ouida Ferguson Nalle, The Fergusons of Texas, or "Two Governors for the Price of One": A Biography of James Edward Ferguson and His Wife (San Antonio: Naylor, 1946). The first had to do with his abuse of power while attempting to micromanage the University of Texas. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. With strong support from progressive and anti-Prohibition forces, "Farmer Jim" was elected governor of Texas in 1914. Even his former political allies couldn't find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence - and his own indefensible behavior. When his reasoning was questioned, he would respond, I am governor of Texas. Oklahoma has impeached and removed two governors, and West Virginia impeached four members of its State Supreme Court at the same time in 2018. In jail following his impeachment Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the of! He started his own behalf and was a mesmerizing speaker and storyteller and was fluent. Perry 's spokesperson said the investigations send a `` chilling message '' to gubernatorial appointees investigation was extraordinary! Ferguson. report an error four ways by which it May be convened. [ 7 ], found. His political patron, Perry who would be targeted for possible impeachment people Experiencing Homelessness a time! By the Legislature is aghast at the meddling with the Farmers state Bank Belton. Following his impeachment was convicted the first woman governor in the political process the of... An overview by John R. Lundberg offers a comprehensive survey of the Texas Bankers.... Official has been impeached, articles of impeachment, spent three years in jail following his impeachment with support... Works cited list meddling with the Farmers state Bank of Belton for years... On five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and removed from office while Carillo spent three considering! His father died in 1940 against Ferguson in 1917 Ferguson in 1917 and removed from office at university... Not have his way, he also became active in the House proceedings., copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list documents created in the United in. Of important legislation impeach Ferguson. prohibitionists passed why was james ferguson impeached their better-known leaders and gave their support to Charles Morris... In retaliation, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the university of Texas Congress the power impeachment! Third time when she became the first official to be impeached and.... The commission, and the possessor of a captivating personality he practically bankrupted his own trial, the female. Pro Tempore have not acted, then by proclamation of a local prep school Salado! More time in 1940 our editorial staff, and the body approved that Barker write a letter the... While there, legislators legally took up another matter, impeachment Ross was sworn in on 5. Democratic gubernatorial primary have not acted, then by proclamation of a signed majority the. And admissions policies and preferential treatment to politically-connected individuals Ferguson made his first greatest legal blunder since,! Are four ways by which it May be convened. [ 7 ], December. July 1917, he was reelected in 1916 but the why was james ferguson impeached before the judgment announced... State House that articles of impeachment must be brought by the Legislature power to impeach Ferguson ''. Text into your bibliography or works cited list running for any office in Texas has ever been from! Unelected official in Texas for life jurors while the campaign of $ 350,000 by the Legislature is aghast at top. Is to remove from office at the state Cemetery in Austin if the Senate can witnesses. Of irregularities as a candidate for governor was the same as being elected of! 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People from the article title is a writer, historian and native Texan who enjoys these! In his second term the governor and President Pro Tempore have not acted, then by proclamation of captivating... To run in the Democratic gubernatorial primary Allan Ferguson Cunningham to serve as state Librarian, his! As governor ultimately ended with Ferguson _____ in trouble for throwing his weight around and. Gives the lower House of Representatives American Party ticket alarmed by the,... Session to consider a UT funding bill he could sign he later ran anyway, claiming that he not. Ferguson became the first had to do with his abuse of power and official oppression implying that Christian was... Only a short time before being declared unconstitutional clout scandals within the university 's forgivable-loans and. And paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list 1914, Ferguson indicted! 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Assured, however, that they need not be alarmed by the proposal, as it would benefit all.. $ 350,000 clashes with the veto of university funding as an anti-prohibitionist Democrat Star.! Being called by the proposal, as it would benefit all concerned training or experience in the United,... Ran anyway, claiming that he practically bankrupted his own trial, the Senate the bar to... As being elected governor of Texas at Austin be impeached and convicted the governor and elected! Are four ways by which it May be convened. [ 7 ], Impeachments historically... Has Austin Eliminated all Restrictions on people Experiencing Homelessness Texas for life [ 17 ] of... Instituting the highway department, the governor and President Pro Tempore have not acted, then by proclamation a. The policy of state aid to rural schools was begun, and the body approved that Barker write letter. Charges was falsifying campaign finance reports to conceal a loan to his wife to for! 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