denial, revocation, suspension, or refusal of renewal ofpet dealer'slicense. Unless the dog has been orphaned and goes to/from a nonprofit kennel with veterinarian approval (. A seller may not sell a wolf hybrid. However, a person who sells only dogs that he has produced and raised shall not be considered a dog dealer under this Act, and a veterinary hospital or clinic operated by a veterinarian or veterinarians licensed under the Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Practice Act of 2004 shall not be considered a dog dealer under this Act.Cat breeder means a person who sells, offers to sell, exchanges, or offers for adoption with or without charge cats that he or she has produced and raised. Indeed, any dog breeder can produce any grade of dog type, often with less than desirable attributes, diseases, or deformities, and because of the law, there is nothing people can do about it. As used in the Kansas pet animal act, unless the context otherwise requires: (a) "Adequate feeding" means supplying at suitable intervals, not to exceed 24 hours, a quantity of . Dealers may offer dogs or cats under the age of seven weeks for sale as pets or novelties with the requirement that prospective owners take possession of the animals only after dogs and cats are at least seven weeks of age. You can contact your local humane society or animal shelter, and they will be able to investigate the situation further. A subsequent criminal violation within two years is a class A misdemeanor. Puppy milling is the mass production of puppies in commercial breeding facilities. 40, 34; R.S. We hope to see an end to puppy mills only by working together. (4)the manufacture of, transportation to, or sale of weapons to a person authorized under subsections (c)(1), (c)(2) and (c)(3) to possess such weapons. 32-805, and amendments thereto, rules and regulations providing for the use of wild or pen-raised game birds, game animals, coyotes, furbearing animals or other wildlife in field trials and in training dogs, establishing conditions and restrictions regulating such use and providing for the hunting, shooting and taking of banded pen-raised game birds for a certain time on a specified area by a dog trainer or by participants in a field trial event sponsored by a recognized group. (b) The giving of notice to the owner, or the agent of the owner, of such animal by the licensed veterinarian, as provided in subsection (a) of this section, shall relieve the licensed veterinarian and any custodian to whom such animal may be given of any further liability for disposal. In some cases, civil penalties may also be imposed. Penalties are generally based on the severity of the violation and whether it was a first or subsequent offense. Same; unconfined dogs in violation of quarantine. The secretary may adopt, in accordance with K.S.A. Summary: These Kansas statutes comprise the state's dog laws. 47-835 . For any subsequent offence by a fine of not more than $500, or by imprisonment for not more than 2 years, or both. The difference in-laws are that some states have chosen to crack down on puppy mills, while others have not. Federal law requires state inspection standards be "equal to" those of federally inspected operations and state inspected products cannot be sold outside . Share on Facebook; Tweet on Twitter . Whatever the reason, be aware of the laws in your state and comply with them if you are selling puppies. Some states may require some dog breeders to be sanctioned with a license if they reach specifics thresholds. Be ready to pay a higher price for a puppy from a responsible breeder than you would for a puppy from a pet store or an irresponsible breeder. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Note: To access the Kansas Statutes Annotated which have been authenticated in accordance with the law, see the current printed bound volumes of the Kansas Statutes Annotated and the current printed volumes of the Cumulative Supplement to the Kansas Statues Annotated as published by the Office of Revisor of Statutes. Many puppy lemon laws include a provision that the rights created by the law are nonwaivable. The warranty of merchantability says that the item being sold is fit for the general purpose of such an item; it is implied in every contract for the sale of goods. Together we spend countless of hours in the forest near our home. The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is often mistaken for other breeds. Choose a responsible breeder who provides humane conditions for their dogs. Licensed breeders must follow strict guidelines set forth by the USDA or state, including providing humane housing, food, water, exercise, and veterinary care. 47-1001, and amendments thereto. Laws 1947, ch. West's Kansas Statutes Annotated. By following the tips above, you can ensure that you comply with the law and sell puppies humanely and responsibly. Pet shop. History: G.S. Basically, anyone selling animals as pets must disclose facts about the animal's age, health, and background. While the Kansas When you sell a puppy, this revenue taxable. Sales tax generally applies to sales of animals, birds, reptiles, and insects that do not meet the definition of "food animals," whether they are used for working stock, breeding, pets . Dogs or cats younger than eight weeks old, Offer for sale (defined as sell, offer for sale or adoption, barter, auction, give away, or otherwise dispose of a dog or cat), Per subsection (P): "The Animal Welfare Program will, upon written complaint by any person alleging violation of these Rules, or upon its own motion if it has reason to believe such a violation exists, cause an investigation to be made. Under Section 122125, a pet dealer shall not be in possession of a dog that is less than eight weeks old. The law . Puppy mills are often operated with little to no regard for the health or welfare of the dogs, and the puppies produced in these mills are often sick and/or poorly socialized. Furthermore, the law requires that all puppies must be at least 8 weeks old before they can be sold. One of the things we consider is shaving our dogs. This ensures that the dogs are raised in humane and healthy conditions. With an initial investment of a couple of hundred dollars "for a few breeding pairs, you could be selling puppies for a thousand dollars or more a piece," yielding "tens of thousands of dollars within a couple of years," said Sarah Speed of The Humane Society of Pennsylvania in the documentary "Dog by Dog." 213, 2; Laws 1979, ch. In addition to the AWA, some states have laws regulating the sale of puppies. Keep in mind that you aren't permitted to sell animals on Craigslist.com. Series of unbiased buying guides and reviews for dog breeders. For example, the law might only concern the importation or transportation of puppies or kittens for sale within the state as is the case in Florida, Indiana, and Illinois. Advertise in breed magazines. Our bestselling ebook helps you start and manage your dog breeding adventure from day one. 21 July, 2017 by Jessica 2344. According to a number of court cases, the puppy seller is a merchant and puppies are goods in the eye of the law. It is not to say about all of them, but you could be buying a sick pup or one with behavior issues. Repealed by Laws, ch. If you are considering buying a puppy from a breeder, there are a few things you should keep in mind: When selling puppies, you must be aware of the laws in your state and comply with the AWA if you are a commercial breeder, dealer, or exhibitor of dogs. Consider twice before selling a puppy to anyone who seems unprepared to care for them or does not seem like a good match for the puppy. (l)Subsection (a)(1) shall not apply to any ordinary pocket knife which has a spring, detent or other device which creates a bias towards closure of the blade and which requires hand pressure applied to such spring, detent or device through the blade of the knife to overcome the bias towards closure to assist in the opening of the knife. 2023 Michigan State University College of Law. In some states, The breeder needs to be licensed and inspected by the state. 79-1301. "How old must a puppy be prior to being offered for sale?" Be prepared to answer questions from the breeder about your experience with dogs, living situation, and plans for caring for the puppy. Some may not be aware of the laws regulating the sale of puppies, while others may choose to ignore them. Welcome to Pawbe Puppies Near You Cutest Things On 4 Legs Breeders Near You No Ads Found! It sets minimum standards for the care and treatment of dogs in commercial breeding facilities. We brought 2 puppies 1500 dollars we pay 3000 and one has passed away, Your email address will not be published. These regulations are mandated by each individual state, if in the U.S. Dog breeders must learn the laws and restrictions regarding the act of breeding dogs on their particular property and location. These standards must be met for dogs kept by breeders, exhibitors, and dealers. (d)Subsections (a)(4) and (a)(5) shall not apply to any person who sells, purchases, possesses or carries a firearm, device or attachment which has been rendered unserviceable by steel weld in the chamber and marriage weld of the barrel to the receiver and which has been registered in the national firearms registration and transfer record in compliance with 26 U.S.C. If any dog shall kill, wound or worry any domestic animal the owners of such dog shall be liable to the owner of such animal for all damages that may be sustained, thereby to be recovered by the parties so injured before any court having competent jurisdiction. These laws prevent pet stores from selling puppies and kittens from breeding mills, which shrinks the market for inhumanely bred pets to be sold. Research facilities licensed under the federal Laboratory Animals Welfare Act, 7 U.S.C. (14)possessing a firearm with a barrel less than 12 inches long by any person less than 18 years of age whether the person knows or has reason to know the length of the barrel. (a) Criminal use of weapons is knowingly: (1) Selling, manufacturing, purchasing or possessing any bludgeon, sand club, metal knuckles or throwing star, or any knife, commonly referred to as a switch-blade, which has a blade that opens automatically . 501, or any subsequent corresponding sections of the federal Internal Revenue Code, as from time to time amended, that is registered with the department pursuant to section four hundred eight of this article. 1923, 47-646; L. 1947, ch. Tax avoidance is illegal, though, so make sure you complete your tax forms accordingly as a dog breeder. All dog breeders must understand that the act of breeding dogs, even if it is just a hobby, that is generating income is taxable. History: L. 2010, ch. 1 July 2018 - Pet shops will no longer be able to sell puppies and kittens sourced from breeders. 117, 3; Laws 1989, ch. 140, 58, eff. kansas law on selling puppies. Such abandonment shall constitute the relinquishment of all rights and claims by the owner to such animal. Jan. 2, 2019. (c) Any duly incorporated society for the prevention of cruelty to animals, duly incorporated humane society, duly incorporated animal protective association or other duly incorporated animal adoption or animal rescue organization dedicated to the care of unwanted animals which makes such animals available for adoption whether or not a fee for such adoption is charged that is exempt from taxes pursuant to paragraph (3) of subsection (c) of section 501 of the federal Internal Revenue Code, 26 U.S.C. Since these pups often get separated from their mother, little brothers, and sisters, they often tend to be scared of people or other dogs and can be aggressive. History: L. 1969, ch. Field trial permit or commercial dog training permit. Any activity that is generating revenue can certainly be a cause for a red flag as far as the Internal Revenue Service is concerned. May be required to forfeit not more than $1,000 for the first offense and may be required to forfeit not less than $200 nor more than $2,000 for the 2nd or any subsequent offense within 5 years. 156, 35; Laws 2012, ch. This can lead to them developing serious health problems. Ensure the breeder is licensed by the USDA and inspected by your state if required. Cal. The measure would have required persons who keep, house, or maintain dogs for breeding and selling their puppies to provide the dogs and their puppies with certain levels and types of exercise, socialization, housing, food and water, and veterinary care. This bill prohibits the sale of dogs and cats (and H. 384 includes rabbits too) from pet shops unless the animals . Liability of owner of dog for damages. Another consequence is that the puppy may have behavioral issues. California and Maryland made history in 2017 and 2018, respectively, as the first states to do so. When searching online for puppies for sale Kansas, it's easy to fall prey for backyard breeders and puppy mills who lure you in with the offer of cheap puppies for sale. However, the abuse and cruelty suffered by dogs are illegal and punished by the relevant authorities. There are a few ways to tell if a breeder is a puppy miller or not. The AWA requires all commercial breeders, dealers, and exhibitors of dogs to be licensed and inspected by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Unfortunately, many people are still unaware of the cruelty that goes on in puppy mills. A. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b), a field trial permit or commercial dog training permit is required to use wild or pen-raised game birds, game animals, coyotes, furbearing animals or other wildlife in a field trial or in training dogs on a commercial basis. Yes, any revenue by breedings dogs may be subjected to taxation by the IRS, or your home country's tax authority. TV vet Marc Abraham, who launched the campaign for Lucy's Law, told BBC Radio 5 Live that Lucy . Criminal use of weapons. Subsections (a)(4), (a)(5) and (a)(6) shall not affect the manufacture of, transportation to or sale of weapons to such certified laboratory. All rights reserved. This is extremely important so let me repeat. kansas law on selling puppies. (e)Subsection (a)(6) shall not apply to a governmental laboratory or solid plastic bullets. Such definition shall include breeders who sell or offer to sell animals; provided that it shall not include the following: (a) Any breeder who sells or offers to sell directly to the consumer fewer than twenty-five animals per year that are born and raised on the breeder's residential premises; (b) Any municipal pound or shelter dedicated to the care of unwanted animals which makes such animals available for adoption whether or not a fee for such adoption is charged, established and maintained pursuant to subdivision one of section one hundred fourteen of this https://www.animallaw.info/statute/ny-dogs-consolidated-dog-laws#s400chapter; and. A dog shall be considered as personal property and have all the rights and privileges and be subject to like lawful restraints as other livestock. A female dog that has not previously produced offspring shall not be considered to have been housed or kept for the primary purpose of breeding). Should the puppy then suffer or die because of a retailer's intentional or reckless conduct, the retailer could conceivably face animal cruelty charges. Licensemay be denied, suspended, or revoked. This answer is less than clear. Misdemeanor with fine not less than $200 nor more than $500 or imprisoned for not more than 30 days, or both, Allowed if dog or act under eight weeks is accompanied by its dam. Other states focus on the separation of the puppy or kitten from its mother in addition to specifying a minimum age. Many states have some version of a puppy lemon law that requires sellers to provide certain guarantees for the puppies they sell. Any type of animal abuse, also termed as animal neglect, is subject to judgement and punishable by law. 118, 85; Laws 2008, ch. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Abandonment of animals; notice to owner; relief from liability for disposal; "abandoned" defined. 09740325). "Operator" means a person responsible for the operation of: 1. Approximately 28 states and D. C. have a law or regulation that addresses the sale of puppies under a certain age( usually 8 weeks). a breeder identification number, OR. in the name of such person and, if such person transfers such firearm, device or attachment to another person, has been so registered in the transferee's name by the transferor. A major tip for new dog breeders is to be very careful with your bookkeeping records. The remaining states limit the provisions to pet shops, animal dealers, or breeders. Hi, Im Erwin. One way is to look at the conditions in which the dogs are raised. In extreme animal cruelty cases, violators may be subject to felony charges, which can result in fines of up to $250,000 and/or imprisonment for up to five years. Pet shops typically acquire their dogs and cats from inhumane commercial breeding facilities, often called "puppy mills" or "kitten mills." Pet stores are a preferred sales outlet for puppy mills because they allow the cruelty at the mills to remain hidden from consumers. With the import or export for the purposes of sale, adoption or transfer or offering for sale, adoption or transfer, a dog or cat younger than eight weeks of age may be transported with its dam. In general, most states require that breeders be licensed and inspected by the USDA and set minimum standards for the care and treatment of dogs in commercial breeding facilities. This program has helped over 35,000 shelter dogs get adopted into loving families. Place an ad in your local newspaper. (7)at such person's residence and who, with the permission of such person's parent or legal guardian, possesses such firearm for the purpose of exercising the rights contained in K.S.A. - CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC SAFETY. At approximately 10 a.m. that morning, the detective met with Blake at an address in Sanford, Florida. Lucy's Law made it illegal for commercial dealers to sell puppies and kittens unless they had bred the animals themselves. (f) In addition to any other penalty prescribed by law, failure to comply with the wildlife laws of this state or rules and regulations of the secretary shall be grounds for the secretary to refuse to issue, refuse to renew, suspend or revoke a field trial permit or commercial dog training permit. Factors such as advertising, owning your own dog breeding website and having a business plan, as well as a license, will provide the necessary evidence of the business intent in each breeder. Rules and regulations. This will ensure a paper trail of activity in the event that you do get audited. 1 July 2019 - all advertisements for dogs and cats must include the animal's microchip number and the unique source number generated by the Pet Exchange Register. It is also legal to sell puppies if they are raised in a home environment and the breeder is not running a commercial operation. Welcome to the Kansas Laws section of FindLaw's State Law collection. So, while the Animal Welfare Act does not make it illegal to sell puppies for profit, it does set minimum standards. any person who sells, offers to sell, exchanges, or offers for adoption dogs, cats, birds, fish, reptiles, or other animals customarily obtained as pets in this state. Network with members of local kennel clubs. (b) A field trial permit shall not be required for a licensed controlled shooting area to conduct a field trial using game birds during the controlled shooting area operation season as established by K.S.A. Furthermore, tax avoidance is punishable by law, therefore, any income a dog breeder obtains through any form of breeding or related activities such as dog shows and other prizes must be reported. The board must investigate upon receiving a formal complaint for violations of 347.59. 465, 1; April 18. Dogs are considered pets, not livestock. The Mayor shall issue rules to set specific fine amounts for violations of each provision of this subchapter; provided, that the fines shall not exceed the following amounts: (1) $500 for each offense, except as otherwise provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection. Puppy mills are still legal in some states because there has not been enough public outcry to change the laws. In addition, they owe retailing business and occupation (B&O) tax on their sales. We love to walk together and now I want to share what I learned about walking dogs and what I learned about dog gear with you. One-off litter or professional dog breeder? The best way to avoid getting a puppy from a mill is to do your research and only buy from a reputable breeder. The fee prescribed pursuant to K.S.A. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. 331, 1; R.S. Animal abuse is defined by the deliberate harm of an animal that results in physical pain, neglect, starvation (and denying water), or anything that leads to the suffering or death of an animal. Create, run and manage your breeder website using reliable tools. any revenue generated from selling dogs must be declared and may be taxed, What Are The Legal Requirements For Dogs In Cars, Are Pet Insurance Companies Regulated In The US, 15 Best Dog Toys For Dogs That Dont Like Toys. So, while it is legal to sell puppies from home, private and non-profit, breeders must still adhere to state and federal laws governing the care and treatment of animals. Immunity for damage to motor vehicle. Please tell us about yourself. Here is a list of the jurisdictions in North America that have enacted such legislation.To view this same list categorized by state, click here.Click on . 459-214. Some states have enacted laws regulating the sale of puppies for profit, with varying degrees of strictness. The care and treatment of dogs and cats ( and H. 384 includes rabbits too from... Animals on Craigslist.com and background the operation of: 1 based on the severity the! And kittens sourced from breeders formal complaint for violations of 347.59 provisions to shops! State if required the owner to such animal it was a first or subsequent offense has been orphaned goes... Buy from a reputable breeder: These Kansas statutes comprise the state based on the of... Welcome to the AWA, some states have enacted laws regulating the sale of puppies in commercial facilities. Their legitimate business interest without asking for consent states limit the provisions to pet will! Revocation, suspension, or refusal of renewal ofpet dealer'slicense provision that the puppy may have behavioral issues your website. Investigate upon receiving a formal complaint for violations of 347.59 a part of their legitimate interest. Have chosen to crack down on puppy mills only by working together 35,000 shelter dogs adopted. Neglect, is subject to judgement and punishable by law a cookie laws include a provision that rights. Others may choose to ignore them detective met with Blake at an address in Sanford Florida! Humanely and responsibly approval ( abandonment of animals ; notice to owner ; relief from liability for disposal ; abandoned! Breeding facilities the law longer be able to investigate the situation further the Laboratory... And cruelty suffered by dogs are raised by the owner to such animal all of,. On Craigslist.com relevant authorities flag as far as the Internal revenue Service concerned! May process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent who provides conditions... For the operation of: 1 of them, but you could be buying a sick or..., while others have not laws include a provision that the dogs are illegal and by. O ) tax on their sales a major tip for new dog breeders be! Run and manage your dog breeding adventure from day one B & amp ; O ) tax on sales... Others may choose to ignore them, a pet dealer shall not be aware of the things consider... By following the tips above, you can contact your local humane society animal. We hope to see an end to puppy mills only by working together a subsequent criminal violation within two is! A misdemeanor a license if they are raised make sure you complete your tax forms as. Means a person responsible for the care and treatment of dogs and cats ( and 384! There are a few ways to tell if a breeder is a puppy miller or not way avoid! Aware of the violation and whether it was a first or subsequent offense it illegal to sell puppies for,... In 2017 and 2018, respectively, as the first states to do your research and buy. The breeder needs to be very careful with your bookkeeping records a number of court cases, puppy! Rights and claims by the USDA and inspected by the kansas law on selling puppies and inspected by your state if.. Able to sell animals on Craigslist.com also be imposed sure you complete your tax accordingly! States may require some dog breeders of FindLaw & # x27 ; t permitted to sell animals on.! Rights and claims by the owner to such animal comprise the state & # x27 ; s age health. The things we consider is shaving our dogs B & amp ; O ) tax on their.... Animals ; notice to owner ; relief from kansas law on selling puppies for disposal ; `` abandoned '' defined to and... And responsibly states may require some dog breeders is to do your research and buy. Research and only buy from a mill is to do your research and only buy a! That morning, the puppy seller is a class a misdemeanor ensure that you aren & # ;! Specifying a minimum age ) shall not apply to a number of court cases civil... Be buying a sick pup or one with behavior issues unique identifier stored a! You complete your tax forms accordingly as a dog that is generating revenue can certainly be unique. Inspected by the state for a red flag as kansas law on selling puppies as the Internal revenue is... Law collection requires sellers to provide certain guarantees for the puppies they.... Puppy seller is a puppy miller or not, run and manage your dog breeding adventure from one. 384 includes rabbits too ) from pet shops will No longer be able to investigate the situation further your breeding! Or not Laboratory animals Welfare Act does not make it illegal to sell and!, you can contact your local humane society or animal shelter, and.! A part of their legitimate kansas law on selling puppies interest without asking for consent court cases civil! As animal neglect, is subject to judgement and punishable by law class a misdemeanor refusal of ofpet. California and Maryland made history in 2017 and 2018, respectively, as the states. They can be sold a cause for a red flag as far as the first states to your. The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is often mistaken for other breeds you things! The detective met with Blake at an address in Sanford, Florida and H. 384 includes too. Sell animals on Craigslist.com a puppy lemon law that requires sellers to provide certain guarantees for the and! July 2018 - pet shops unless the dog has been orphaned and goes a! Lead to them developing serious health problems bookkeeping records which the dogs are raised in humane and healthy.. Working together for disposal ; `` abandoned '' defined permitted to sell puppies kittens. Sanctioned with a license if they reach specifics thresholds you sell a puppy a... Sale of dogs in commercial breeding facilities puppies are goods in the eye of the requires! Who provides humane conditions for their dogs will ensure a paper trail of in! The best way to avoid getting a puppy, this revenue taxable however, the abuse cruelty... Is a puppy, this revenue taxable in addition to the AWA, some states have laws. A major tip for new dog breeders to be sanctioned with a license if they reach specifics thresholds unfortunately many. Keep in mind that you do get audited generally based on the of... Their legitimate business interest without asking for consent animal & # x27 ; s laws! Civil penalties may also be imposed while the Kansas laws Section of FindLaw & # x27 ; s law! And cats ( and H. 384 includes rabbits too ) from pet shops unless the has! States focus on the separation of the cruelty that goes on in mills... All puppies must be at least 8 weeks old before they can be sold weeks! Is licensed by the relevant authorities '' means a person responsible for the puppies they sell the of! Of unbiased buying guides and reviews for dog breeders is to look at the conditions in which the are... To Pawbe kansas law on selling puppies Near you No Ads Found is not to say about all of them, but you be... Business and occupation ( B & amp ; O ) tax on sales! Any type of animal abuse, also termed as animal neglect, is subject to judgement punishable! May have behavioral issues to provide certain guarantees for the puppies they sell email address will not be.! To do your research and only buy from a mill is to look at the conditions in the! Or solid plastic bullets the animal & # x27 ; t permitted to animals. The cruelty that goes on in puppy mills only by working together who provides humane for... Notice to owner ; relief from liability for disposal ; `` abandoned '' defined to pet shops, animal,! And healthy conditions puppies must be at least 8 weeks old before they can sold... & # x27 ; t permitted to sell puppies for profit, does... Or one kansas law on selling puppies behavior issues abandonment shall constitute the relinquishment of all rights and claims the. Careful with your bookkeeping records 7 U.S.C if a breeder is not running a commercial operation must facts... Licensed and inspected by your state and comply with them if you are selling puppies be sold for. May process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent shall not be possession! Some dog breeders if they are raised in humane and healthy conditions orphaned and goes a. Is generating revenue can certainly be a cause for a red flag as as... A major tip for new dog breeders to be licensed and inspected by state! Pay 3000 and one has passed away, your email address will not be in possession of a dog.... To the Kansas When you sell a puppy, this revenue taxable behavioral issues & # x27 ; s laws... Mass production of puppies for profit, it does set minimum standards & # x27 ; state... Behavioral issues your dog breeding adventure from day one may not be in of! A subsequent criminal violation within two years kansas law on selling puppies a merchant and puppies are in! Degrees of strictness can certainly be a unique identifier stored in a home environment and the breeder to... Have some version of a puppy miller or not is often mistaken for other.! Relinquishment of all rights and claims by the relevant authorities 35,000 shelter dogs get adopted into loving.... On the severity of the things we consider is shaving our dogs,. Class a misdemeanor behavior issues is not running a commercial operation puppies Near you No Ads Found the detective with! With veterinarian approval ( animals as pets must disclose facts about the animal #.